Distinct pathway-based effects of blood pressure and body mass index on cardiovascular traits: comparison of novel Mendelian randomization approaches

Abstract Background Mendelian randomization (MR) leverages trait associated genetic variants as instrumental variables (IVs) to determine causal relationships in epidemiology. However, genetic IVs for complex traits are typically highly heterogeneous and, at a molecular level, exert effects on diffe...

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Bibliographic Details
Main Authors: Genevieve M. Leyden, Maria K. Sobczyk, Tom G. Richardson, Tom R. Gaunt
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: BMC 2025-05-01
Series:Genome Medicine
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Online Access:https://doi.org/10.1186/s13073-025-01472-2
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