Nutritional Status and Cardiovascular Health in Female Adolescent Elite-Level Artistic Gymnasts and Swimmers: A Cross-Sectional Study of 31 Athletes
Objective. Nutritional status is important for health and competitive achievement. This area remains understudied among elite-level female athletes and is appropriate for research. We examined nutritional status and cardiovascular health markers of two groups of female athletes of the same age and c...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Wiley
2021-01-01
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| Series: | Journal of Nutrition and Metabolism |
| Online Access: | http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2021/8810548 |
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| author | Boštjan Jakše Barbara Jakše Nataša Fidler Mis Borut Jug Dorica Šajber Uroš Godnov Ivan Čuk |
| author_facet | Boštjan Jakše Barbara Jakše Nataša Fidler Mis Borut Jug Dorica Šajber Uroš Godnov Ivan Čuk |
| author_sort | Boštjan Jakše |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Objective. Nutritional status is important for health and competitive achievement. This area remains understudied among elite-level female athletes and is appropriate for research. We examined nutritional status and cardiovascular health markers of two groups of female athletes of the same age and competition period, involved in weight-bearing and a non-weight-bearing sport: gymnasts (n = 17) and swimmers (n = 14); mean age 17.4 and 16.6 years. Methods. Body composition and dietary intake were assessed by bioelectrical impedance and Food Frequency Questionnaire. The concentrations of serum micronutrients (B12, 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25 (OH) D), calcium, magnesium, phosphorus, potassium, and iron), blood lipids, and blood pressure (BP) were measured. Setting and Participants. A cross-sectional study of 31 athletes from Slovenia. Results. Gymnasts had higher body mass index (21.5 vs. 20.1 kg/m2, p=0.043) and lower fat free mass (42.4 vs. 46.6 kg, p=0.024) than swimmers and comparable body fat percentage (22.5 vs. 22.8%). Both groups had low intake of carbohydrates, fibre, polyunsaturated fats, protein (only gymnasts), and micronutrients (11/13 micronutrients gymnasts and 4/13 swimmers) and high intake of free sugars and saturated fats. Both groups also had significantly lower-than-recommended serum levels of 25 (OH) D. All cardiovascular risk factors were within recommended ranges. Gymnasts had higher LDL cholesterol (2.7 vs. 2.2 mmol/L, p<0.011), and swimmers had higher systolic BP (126 vs. 107 mmHg, p<0.001). Conclusions. Dietary intake especially in gymnasts was suboptimal, which may reflect in anthropometric and cardiovascular marker differences between gymnasts and swimmers. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-8cbfda547d444e7a89b10e4fa0b4cff2 |
| institution | Kabale University |
| issn | 2090-0724 2090-0732 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2021-01-01 |
| publisher | Wiley |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Journal of Nutrition and Metabolism |
| spelling | doaj-art-8cbfda547d444e7a89b10e4fa0b4cff22025-02-03T01:25:25ZengWileyJournal of Nutrition and Metabolism2090-07242090-07322021-01-01202110.1155/2021/88105488810548Nutritional Status and Cardiovascular Health in Female Adolescent Elite-Level Artistic Gymnasts and Swimmers: A Cross-Sectional Study of 31 AthletesBoštjan Jakše0Barbara Jakše1Nataša Fidler Mis2Borut Jug3Dorica Šajber4Uroš Godnov5Ivan Čuk6Department of Food Science, Biotechnical Faculty, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, SloveniaBarbara Jakše Sole Proprietor, Domžale, SloveniaDepartment of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, University Children’s Hospital, University Medical Centre Ljubljana, Ljubljana, SloveniaCentre for Preventive Cardiology, Department of Vascular Diseases, University Medical Centre Ljubljana, Ljubljana, SloveniaDepartment of Swimming, Faculty of Sport, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, SloveniaDepartment of Computer Science, Faculty of Mathematics, Natural Sciences and Information Technologies, University of Primorska, Koper, SloveniaDepartment of Gymnastics, Faculty of Sport, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, SloveniaObjective. Nutritional status is important for health and competitive achievement. This area remains understudied among elite-level female athletes and is appropriate for research. We examined nutritional status and cardiovascular health markers of two groups of female athletes of the same age and competition period, involved in weight-bearing and a non-weight-bearing sport: gymnasts (n = 17) and swimmers (n = 14); mean age 17.4 and 16.6 years. Methods. Body composition and dietary intake were assessed by bioelectrical impedance and Food Frequency Questionnaire. The concentrations of serum micronutrients (B12, 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25 (OH) D), calcium, magnesium, phosphorus, potassium, and iron), blood lipids, and blood pressure (BP) were measured. Setting and Participants. A cross-sectional study of 31 athletes from Slovenia. Results. Gymnasts had higher body mass index (21.5 vs. 20.1 kg/m2, p=0.043) and lower fat free mass (42.4 vs. 46.6 kg, p=0.024) than swimmers and comparable body fat percentage (22.5 vs. 22.8%). Both groups had low intake of carbohydrates, fibre, polyunsaturated fats, protein (only gymnasts), and micronutrients (11/13 micronutrients gymnasts and 4/13 swimmers) and high intake of free sugars and saturated fats. Both groups also had significantly lower-than-recommended serum levels of 25 (OH) D. All cardiovascular risk factors were within recommended ranges. Gymnasts had higher LDL cholesterol (2.7 vs. 2.2 mmol/L, p<0.011), and swimmers had higher systolic BP (126 vs. 107 mmHg, p<0.001). Conclusions. Dietary intake especially in gymnasts was suboptimal, which may reflect in anthropometric and cardiovascular marker differences between gymnasts and swimmers.http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2021/8810548 |
| spellingShingle | Boštjan Jakše Barbara Jakše Nataša Fidler Mis Borut Jug Dorica Šajber Uroš Godnov Ivan Čuk Nutritional Status and Cardiovascular Health in Female Adolescent Elite-Level Artistic Gymnasts and Swimmers: A Cross-Sectional Study of 31 Athletes Journal of Nutrition and Metabolism |
| title | Nutritional Status and Cardiovascular Health in Female Adolescent Elite-Level Artistic Gymnasts and Swimmers: A Cross-Sectional Study of 31 Athletes |
| title_full | Nutritional Status and Cardiovascular Health in Female Adolescent Elite-Level Artistic Gymnasts and Swimmers: A Cross-Sectional Study of 31 Athletes |
| title_fullStr | Nutritional Status and Cardiovascular Health in Female Adolescent Elite-Level Artistic Gymnasts and Swimmers: A Cross-Sectional Study of 31 Athletes |
| title_full_unstemmed | Nutritional Status and Cardiovascular Health in Female Adolescent Elite-Level Artistic Gymnasts and Swimmers: A Cross-Sectional Study of 31 Athletes |
| title_short | Nutritional Status and Cardiovascular Health in Female Adolescent Elite-Level Artistic Gymnasts and Swimmers: A Cross-Sectional Study of 31 Athletes |
| title_sort | nutritional status and cardiovascular health in female adolescent elite level artistic gymnasts and swimmers a cross sectional study of 31 athletes |
| url | http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2021/8810548 |
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