Economic impact of medication non-adherence by disease groups: a systematic review
Objective To determine the economic impact of medication non-adherence across multiple disease groups.Design Systematic review.Evidence review A comprehensive literature search was conducted in PubMed and Scopus in September 2017. Studies quantifying the cost of medication non-adherence in relation...
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BMJ Publishing Group
2018-01-01
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| Series: | BMJ Open |
| Online Access: | https://bmjopen.bmj.com/content/8/1/e016982.full |
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| author | Victoria Garcia-Cardenas Rachelle Louise Cutler Fernando Fernandez-Llimos Michael Frommer Charlie Benrimoj |
| author_facet | Victoria Garcia-Cardenas Rachelle Louise Cutler Fernando Fernandez-Llimos Michael Frommer Charlie Benrimoj |
| author_sort | Victoria Garcia-Cardenas |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Objective To determine the economic impact of medication non-adherence across multiple disease groups.Design Systematic review.Evidence review A comprehensive literature search was conducted in PubMed and Scopus in September 2017. Studies quantifying the cost of medication non-adherence in relation to economic impact were included. Relevant information was extracted and quality assessed using the Drummond checklist.Results Seventy-nine individual studies assessing the cost of medication non-adherence across 14 disease groups were included. Wide-scoping cost variations were reported, with lower levels of adherence generally associated with higher total costs. The annual adjusted disease-specific economic cost of non-adherence per person ranged from $949 to $44 190 (in 2015 US$). Costs attributed to ‘all causes’ non-adherence ranged from $5271 to $52 341. Medication possession ratio was the metric most used to calculate patient adherence, with varying cut-off points defining non-adherence. The main indicators used to measure the cost of non-adherence were total cost or total healthcare cost (83% of studies), pharmacy costs (70%), inpatient costs (46%), outpatient costs (50%), emergency department visit costs (27%), medical costs (29%) and hospitalisation costs (18%). Drummond quality assessment yielded 10 studies of high quality with all studies performing partial economic evaluations to varying extents.Conclusion Medication non-adherence places a significant cost burden on healthcare systems. Current research assessing the economic impact of medication non-adherence is limited and of varying quality, failing to provide adaptable data to influence health policy. The correlation between increased non-adherence and higher disease prevalence should be used to inform policymakers to help circumvent avoidable costs to the healthcare system. Differences in methods make the comparison among studies challenging and an accurate estimation of true magnitude of the cost impossible. Standardisation of the metric measures used to estimate medication non-adherence and development of a streamlined approach to quantify costs is required.PROSPERO registration number CRD42015027338. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-8c5a9f03ce1f47cd8130a0e3338e0a68 |
| institution | Kabale University |
| issn | 2044-6055 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2018-01-01 |
| publisher | BMJ Publishing Group |
| record_format | Article |
| series | BMJ Open |
| spelling | doaj-art-8c5a9f03ce1f47cd8130a0e3338e0a682025-02-01T16:10:12ZengBMJ Publishing GroupBMJ Open2044-60552018-01-018110.1136/bmjopen-2017-016982Economic impact of medication non-adherence by disease groups: a systematic reviewVictoria Garcia-Cardenas0Rachelle Louise Cutler1Fernando Fernandez-Llimos2Michael Frommer3Charlie Benrimoj4Pharmaceutical Care Research Group, University of Granada Faculty of Pharmacy, Granada, Spain1 Graduate School of Health, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, AustraliaLaboratory of Pharmacology, Department of Drug Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal3 Sydney Medical School, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia1 Graduate School of Health, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, AustraliaObjective To determine the economic impact of medication non-adherence across multiple disease groups.Design Systematic review.Evidence review A comprehensive literature search was conducted in PubMed and Scopus in September 2017. Studies quantifying the cost of medication non-adherence in relation to economic impact were included. Relevant information was extracted and quality assessed using the Drummond checklist.Results Seventy-nine individual studies assessing the cost of medication non-adherence across 14 disease groups were included. Wide-scoping cost variations were reported, with lower levels of adherence generally associated with higher total costs. The annual adjusted disease-specific economic cost of non-adherence per person ranged from $949 to $44 190 (in 2015 US$). Costs attributed to ‘all causes’ non-adherence ranged from $5271 to $52 341. Medication possession ratio was the metric most used to calculate patient adherence, with varying cut-off points defining non-adherence. The main indicators used to measure the cost of non-adherence were total cost or total healthcare cost (83% of studies), pharmacy costs (70%), inpatient costs (46%), outpatient costs (50%), emergency department visit costs (27%), medical costs (29%) and hospitalisation costs (18%). Drummond quality assessment yielded 10 studies of high quality with all studies performing partial economic evaluations to varying extents.Conclusion Medication non-adherence places a significant cost burden on healthcare systems. Current research assessing the economic impact of medication non-adherence is limited and of varying quality, failing to provide adaptable data to influence health policy. The correlation between increased non-adherence and higher disease prevalence should be used to inform policymakers to help circumvent avoidable costs to the healthcare system. Differences in methods make the comparison among studies challenging and an accurate estimation of true magnitude of the cost impossible. Standardisation of the metric measures used to estimate medication non-adherence and development of a streamlined approach to quantify costs is required.PROSPERO registration number CRD42015027338.https://bmjopen.bmj.com/content/8/1/e016982.full |
| spellingShingle | Victoria Garcia-Cardenas Rachelle Louise Cutler Fernando Fernandez-Llimos Michael Frommer Charlie Benrimoj Economic impact of medication non-adherence by disease groups: a systematic review BMJ Open |
| title | Economic impact of medication non-adherence by disease groups: a systematic review |
| title_full | Economic impact of medication non-adherence by disease groups: a systematic review |
| title_fullStr | Economic impact of medication non-adherence by disease groups: a systematic review |
| title_full_unstemmed | Economic impact of medication non-adherence by disease groups: a systematic review |
| title_short | Economic impact of medication non-adherence by disease groups: a systematic review |
| title_sort | economic impact of medication non adherence by disease groups a systematic review |
| url | https://bmjopen.bmj.com/content/8/1/e016982.full |
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