Protein Level and Infantile Diarrhea in a Postweaning Piglet Model
Infantile diarrhea is a serious public health problem around worldwide and results in millions of deaths each year. The levels and sources of dietary protein are potential sources of diarrhea, but the relationship between the pathogenesis causes of infantile diarrhea and protein intake remains poorl...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Wiley
2020-01-01
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| Series: | Mediators of Inflammation |
| Online Access: | http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2020/1937387 |
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| author | Jing Gao Jie Yin Kang Xu Hui Han ZeMin Liu ChenYu Wang TieJun Li YuLong Yin |
| author_facet | Jing Gao Jie Yin Kang Xu Hui Han ZeMin Liu ChenYu Wang TieJun Li YuLong Yin |
| author_sort | Jing Gao |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Infantile diarrhea is a serious public health problem around worldwide and results in millions of deaths each year. The levels and sources of dietary protein are potential sources of diarrhea, but the relationship between the pathogenesis causes of infantile diarrhea and protein intake remains poorly understood. Many studies have indicated that the key to understanding the relationship between the protein in the diet and the postweaning diarrhea of piglets is to explore the influences of protein sources and levels on the mammalian digestion system. The current study was designed to control diarrhea control by choosing different protein levels in the diet and aimed at providing efficient regulatory measures for infantile diarrhea by controlling the protein levels in diets using a postweaning piglets model. To avoid influences from other protein sources, casein was used as the only protein source in this study. Fourteen piglets (7.98±0.14 kg, weaned at 28 d) were randomly allotted to two dietary treatments: a control group (Cont, containing 17% casein) and a high protein group (HP, containing 30% casein). The experiment lasted for two weeks and all animals were free to eat and drink water ad libitum. The diarrhea score (1=normal; 3=watery diarrhea) and growth performance were recorded daily. The results showed that the piglets in HP group had persistent diarrhea during the whole study, while no diarrhea was noticed in the control groups. Also, the feed intake and body weights were reduced in the HP groups compared with the other group (P<0.05). The diarrhea-related mRNA abundances were analyzed by real-time PCR; the results showed that HP treatment markedly decreased the expression of aquaporin (AQP, P<0.05) and the tight junction protein (P<0.05), but increased inflammatory cytokines (P<0.01) than those in control group. In addition, the Adenosine 5′-monophosphate (AMP)-activated protein kinase (AMPK) signaling pathway (P<0.01) was inhibited in the HP group. Intestinal microbiota was tested by 16S sequencing, and we found that the HP group had a low diversity compared the other group. In conclusion, despite being highly digestible, a high casein diet induced postweaning diarrhea and reduced the growth performance of the postweaning piglets. Meanwhile, AQP, tight junction protein, and intestinal immune were compromised. Thus, the mechanism of how a highly digestible protein diet induces diarrhea might be associated with the AMPK signaling pathway and intestinal microbiome. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-8bf5d9b88ca4428894fd760b38f5d385 |
| institution | Kabale University |
| issn | 0962-9351 1466-1861 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2020-01-01 |
| publisher | Wiley |
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| series | Mediators of Inflammation |
| spelling | doaj-art-8bf5d9b88ca4428894fd760b38f5d3852025-02-03T06:04:38ZengWileyMediators of Inflammation0962-93511466-18612020-01-01202010.1155/2020/19373871937387Protein Level and Infantile Diarrhea in a Postweaning Piglet ModelJing Gao0Jie Yin1Kang Xu2Hui Han3ZeMin Liu4ChenYu Wang5TieJun Li6YuLong Yin7Key Laboratory of Agro-ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, ChinaKey Laboratory of Agro-ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, ChinaKey Laboratory of Agro-ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, ChinaKey Laboratory of Agro-ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, ChinaKey Laboratory of Agro-ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, ChinaKey Laboratory of Agro-ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, ChinaKey Laboratory of Agro-ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, ChinaKey Laboratory of Agro-ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, ChinaInfantile diarrhea is a serious public health problem around worldwide and results in millions of deaths each year. The levels and sources of dietary protein are potential sources of diarrhea, but the relationship between the pathogenesis causes of infantile diarrhea and protein intake remains poorly understood. Many studies have indicated that the key to understanding the relationship between the protein in the diet and the postweaning diarrhea of piglets is to explore the influences of protein sources and levels on the mammalian digestion system. The current study was designed to control diarrhea control by choosing different protein levels in the diet and aimed at providing efficient regulatory measures for infantile diarrhea by controlling the protein levels in diets using a postweaning piglets model. To avoid influences from other protein sources, casein was used as the only protein source in this study. Fourteen piglets (7.98±0.14 kg, weaned at 28 d) were randomly allotted to two dietary treatments: a control group (Cont, containing 17% casein) and a high protein group (HP, containing 30% casein). The experiment lasted for two weeks and all animals were free to eat and drink water ad libitum. The diarrhea score (1=normal; 3=watery diarrhea) and growth performance were recorded daily. The results showed that the piglets in HP group had persistent diarrhea during the whole study, while no diarrhea was noticed in the control groups. Also, the feed intake and body weights were reduced in the HP groups compared with the other group (P<0.05). The diarrhea-related mRNA abundances were analyzed by real-time PCR; the results showed that HP treatment markedly decreased the expression of aquaporin (AQP, P<0.05) and the tight junction protein (P<0.05), but increased inflammatory cytokines (P<0.01) than those in control group. In addition, the Adenosine 5′-monophosphate (AMP)-activated protein kinase (AMPK) signaling pathway (P<0.01) was inhibited in the HP group. Intestinal microbiota was tested by 16S sequencing, and we found that the HP group had a low diversity compared the other group. In conclusion, despite being highly digestible, a high casein diet induced postweaning diarrhea and reduced the growth performance of the postweaning piglets. Meanwhile, AQP, tight junction protein, and intestinal immune were compromised. Thus, the mechanism of how a highly digestible protein diet induces diarrhea might be associated with the AMPK signaling pathway and intestinal microbiome.http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2020/1937387 |
| spellingShingle | Jing Gao Jie Yin Kang Xu Hui Han ZeMin Liu ChenYu Wang TieJun Li YuLong Yin Protein Level and Infantile Diarrhea in a Postweaning Piglet Model Mediators of Inflammation |
| title | Protein Level and Infantile Diarrhea in a Postweaning Piglet Model |
| title_full | Protein Level and Infantile Diarrhea in a Postweaning Piglet Model |
| title_fullStr | Protein Level and Infantile Diarrhea in a Postweaning Piglet Model |
| title_full_unstemmed | Protein Level and Infantile Diarrhea in a Postweaning Piglet Model |
| title_short | Protein Level and Infantile Diarrhea in a Postweaning Piglet Model |
| title_sort | protein level and infantile diarrhea in a postweaning piglet model |
| url | http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2020/1937387 |
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