A Study of the Interaction Between Implanted Pacemakers and the Power-Frequency Field Produced by Traction Transformer in High-Speed EMU
The widespread integration of high-speed trains has significantly enhanced the quality of human life. However, the intricate electromagnetic environment within carriages has raised notable concerns, especially for passengers with pacemakers. This work assessed the electromagnetic exposure of three-c...
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2025-01-01
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| Online Access: | https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/10843224/ |
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| author | Rui Tian Yu-Long Zhang Mai Lu Jian-Fang Deng |
| author_facet | Rui Tian Yu-Long Zhang Mai Lu Jian-Fang Deng |
| author_sort | Rui Tian |
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| description | The widespread integration of high-speed trains has significantly enhanced the quality of human life. However, the intricate electromagnetic environment within carriages has raised notable concerns, especially for passengers with pacemakers. This work assessed the electromagnetic exposure of three-chamber pacemaker wearers with standed and seated posture by a traction transformer and its cable system. The analysis included evaluating the distribution of induced electromagnetic fields within passengers’ pacemakers and heart tissue, calculating the induced voltage on electrodes to determine the potential health risks. The results indicated that the B<inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$_{in~max}$ </tex-math></inline-formula>, E<inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$_{in~max}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> of the passengers’ heart tissue are <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$7.53~\mu $ </tex-math></inline-formula> T and 47.626 mV/m. All the B<inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$_{in~max}$ </tex-math></inline-formula>, E<inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$_{in~max}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> well within the basic limits established for public electromagnetic exposure set by the International Commission on Non-Ionizing Radiation. The Ein on the pacemakers of both passengers mainly appeared at the metal parts, and the B<inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$_{in~max}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> of passengers’ pacemakers is <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$20.754~\mu $ </tex-math></inline-formula> T, which achieves the minimum requirements for pacemakers to anti-electromagnetic interference as specified by the International Organization for Standardization. The <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$U_{in~max}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> at the unipolar and bipolar electrodes of passengers are 0.409 mV and 0.005 mV, which are smaller than the perception sensitivity. The above results illustrated that the electromagnetic fields generated by the traction transformer are within the recognized accepted limits for passengers with pacemaker, and we recommended that individuals with heart diseases should try to choose a pacemaker with better anti-interference ability in bipolar pacing mode and keep a distance from windows as possible when riding on high-speed trains. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-8bafe4d4abaa4a78b3fb5059c675ffe9 |
| institution | Kabale University |
| issn | 2169-3536 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-01-01 |
| publisher | IEEE |
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| spelling | doaj-art-8bafe4d4abaa4a78b3fb5059c675ffe92025-01-31T00:01:40ZengIEEEIEEE Access2169-35362025-01-0113186081862210.1109/ACCESS.2025.352993910843224A Study of the Interaction Between Implanted Pacemakers and the Power-Frequency Field Produced by Traction Transformer in High-Speed EMURui Tian0https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0793-387XYu-Long Zhang1https://orcid.org/0009-0005-0904-8937Mai Lu2https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7192-9771Jian-Fang Deng3Key Laboratory of Opto-Electronic Technology and Intelligent Control, Ministry of Education, Lanzhou Jiaotong University, Lanzhou, ChinaKey Laboratory of Opto-Electronic Technology and Intelligent Control, Ministry of Education, Lanzhou Jiaotong University, Lanzhou, ChinaKey Laboratory of Opto-Electronic Technology and Intelligent Control, Ministry of Education, Lanzhou Jiaotong University, Lanzhou, ChinaNanjing Railway Vocational and Technical College, Pukou, Nanjing, Jiangsu, ChinaThe widespread integration of high-speed trains has significantly enhanced the quality of human life. However, the intricate electromagnetic environment within carriages has raised notable concerns, especially for passengers with pacemakers. This work assessed the electromagnetic exposure of three-chamber pacemaker wearers with standed and seated posture by a traction transformer and its cable system. The analysis included evaluating the distribution of induced electromagnetic fields within passengers’ pacemakers and heart tissue, calculating the induced voltage on electrodes to determine the potential health risks. The results indicated that the B<inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$_{in~max}$ </tex-math></inline-formula>, E<inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$_{in~max}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> of the passengers’ heart tissue are <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$7.53~\mu $ </tex-math></inline-formula> T and 47.626 mV/m. All the B<inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$_{in~max}$ </tex-math></inline-formula>, E<inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$_{in~max}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> well within the basic limits established for public electromagnetic exposure set by the International Commission on Non-Ionizing Radiation. The Ein on the pacemakers of both passengers mainly appeared at the metal parts, and the B<inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$_{in~max}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> of passengers’ pacemakers is <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$20.754~\mu $ </tex-math></inline-formula> T, which achieves the minimum requirements for pacemakers to anti-electromagnetic interference as specified by the International Organization for Standardization. The <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$U_{in~max}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> at the unipolar and bipolar electrodes of passengers are 0.409 mV and 0.005 mV, which are smaller than the perception sensitivity. The above results illustrated that the electromagnetic fields generated by the traction transformer are within the recognized accepted limits for passengers with pacemaker, and we recommended that individuals with heart diseases should try to choose a pacemaker with better anti-interference ability in bipolar pacing mode and keep a distance from windows as possible when riding on high-speed trains.https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/10843224/Electromagnetic exposurepacemakersinduced voltageunipolar/bipolar electrodes |
| spellingShingle | Rui Tian Yu-Long Zhang Mai Lu Jian-Fang Deng A Study of the Interaction Between Implanted Pacemakers and the Power-Frequency Field Produced by Traction Transformer in High-Speed EMU IEEE Access Electromagnetic exposure pacemakers induced voltage unipolar/bipolar electrodes |
| title | A Study of the Interaction Between Implanted Pacemakers and the Power-Frequency Field Produced by Traction Transformer in High-Speed EMU |
| title_full | A Study of the Interaction Between Implanted Pacemakers and the Power-Frequency Field Produced by Traction Transformer in High-Speed EMU |
| title_fullStr | A Study of the Interaction Between Implanted Pacemakers and the Power-Frequency Field Produced by Traction Transformer in High-Speed EMU |
| title_full_unstemmed | A Study of the Interaction Between Implanted Pacemakers and the Power-Frequency Field Produced by Traction Transformer in High-Speed EMU |
| title_short | A Study of the Interaction Between Implanted Pacemakers and the Power-Frequency Field Produced by Traction Transformer in High-Speed EMU |
| title_sort | study of the interaction between implanted pacemakers and the power frequency field produced by traction transformer in high speed emu |
| topic | Electromagnetic exposure pacemakers induced voltage unipolar/bipolar electrodes |
| url | https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/10843224/ |
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