Paediatric norms for photopic electroretinogram testing based on a large cohort of Chinese preschool children
Objective Full-field electroretinogram (ffERG) is an objective test to determine the electroretinal activities in response to light stimulation for investigating retinal physiology and diagnosing retinal diseases. This study aimed to establish a reference data set of photopic electroretinogram (ERG)...
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BMJ Publishing Group
2024-05-01
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| Series: | BMJ Open Ophthalmology |
| Online Access: | https://bmjophth.bmj.com/content/9/1/e001393.full |
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| author | Henry Ho-lung Chan Sonia Seen-hang Chan Kai Yip Choi |
| author_facet | Henry Ho-lung Chan Sonia Seen-hang Chan Kai Yip Choi |
| author_sort | Henry Ho-lung Chan |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Objective Full-field electroretinogram (ffERG) is an objective test to determine the electroretinal activities in response to light stimulation for investigating retinal physiology and diagnosing retinal diseases. This study aimed to establish a reference data set of photopic electroretinogram (ERG) of Chinese preschool children in Hong Kong to facilitate clinical and research studies.Methods and analysis Preschool children aged 3–7 years with normal vision were recruited from local kindergartens. Eye examinations, including cycloplegic spherical equivalent refraction (SER), axial length (AL) and keratometry (K) measurements, were performed. ffERGs of the International Society for Clinical Electrophysiology of Vision (ISCEV) standard photopic flash and 30-Hz flicker protocols were measured using RETeval with Sensor Strip skin electrodes. ERG waveform characteristics were extracted, and relationships between ERG, age, SER, AL and K were evaluated.Results A total of 479 children completed the measurements (mean age: 5.0±0.9 years, 45.5% female). Mean, 95% CIs, 5th–95th percentile range of the ERG parameters were reported. Age was positively associated with amplitudes of b-wave and 30-Hz flicker (p<0.01), but negatively associated with implicit times of b-wave and 30-Hz flicker (p<0.01). AL was significantly associated with all amplitudes of a-wave, b-wave and 30-Hz flicker (p≤0.01) and implicit time of both a-wave and 30-Hz flicker (p<0.05). K was positively associated only with 30-Hz flicker amplitude (p=0.01), and no association between all responses and SER.Conclusion Reference data set of photopic ERG of Chinese preschool children was established. Cross-sectional investigations revealed associations between ERG, age, SER and AL, which were speculated to further implicate the role of retina in refractive error development. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-8b5d3e77789c4b1bb0b87c961205fcd1 |
| institution | Kabale University |
| issn | 2397-3269 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2024-05-01 |
| publisher | BMJ Publishing Group |
| record_format | Article |
| series | BMJ Open Ophthalmology |
| spelling | doaj-art-8b5d3e77789c4b1bb0b87c961205fcd12025-02-06T13:40:08ZengBMJ Publishing GroupBMJ Open Ophthalmology2397-32692024-05-019110.1136/bmjophth-2023-001393Paediatric norms for photopic electroretinogram testing based on a large cohort of Chinese preschool childrenHenry Ho-lung Chan0Sonia Seen-hang Chan1Kai Yip Choi2School of Optometry, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong SAR, Hong KongCentre for Myopia Research, School of Optometry, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong SAR, ChinaSchool of Optometry, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong SAR, Hong KongObjective Full-field electroretinogram (ffERG) is an objective test to determine the electroretinal activities in response to light stimulation for investigating retinal physiology and diagnosing retinal diseases. This study aimed to establish a reference data set of photopic electroretinogram (ERG) of Chinese preschool children in Hong Kong to facilitate clinical and research studies.Methods and analysis Preschool children aged 3–7 years with normal vision were recruited from local kindergartens. Eye examinations, including cycloplegic spherical equivalent refraction (SER), axial length (AL) and keratometry (K) measurements, were performed. ffERGs of the International Society for Clinical Electrophysiology of Vision (ISCEV) standard photopic flash and 30-Hz flicker protocols were measured using RETeval with Sensor Strip skin electrodes. ERG waveform characteristics were extracted, and relationships between ERG, age, SER, AL and K were evaluated.Results A total of 479 children completed the measurements (mean age: 5.0±0.9 years, 45.5% female). Mean, 95% CIs, 5th–95th percentile range of the ERG parameters were reported. Age was positively associated with amplitudes of b-wave and 30-Hz flicker (p<0.01), but negatively associated with implicit times of b-wave and 30-Hz flicker (p<0.01). AL was significantly associated with all amplitudes of a-wave, b-wave and 30-Hz flicker (p≤0.01) and implicit time of both a-wave and 30-Hz flicker (p<0.05). K was positively associated only with 30-Hz flicker amplitude (p=0.01), and no association between all responses and SER.Conclusion Reference data set of photopic ERG of Chinese preschool children was established. Cross-sectional investigations revealed associations between ERG, age, SER and AL, which were speculated to further implicate the role of retina in refractive error development.https://bmjophth.bmj.com/content/9/1/e001393.full |
| spellingShingle | Henry Ho-lung Chan Sonia Seen-hang Chan Kai Yip Choi Paediatric norms for photopic electroretinogram testing based on a large cohort of Chinese preschool children BMJ Open Ophthalmology |
| title | Paediatric norms for photopic electroretinogram testing based on a large cohort of Chinese preschool children |
| title_full | Paediatric norms for photopic electroretinogram testing based on a large cohort of Chinese preschool children |
| title_fullStr | Paediatric norms for photopic electroretinogram testing based on a large cohort of Chinese preschool children |
| title_full_unstemmed | Paediatric norms for photopic electroretinogram testing based on a large cohort of Chinese preschool children |
| title_short | Paediatric norms for photopic electroretinogram testing based on a large cohort of Chinese preschool children |
| title_sort | paediatric norms for photopic electroretinogram testing based on a large cohort of chinese preschool children |
| url | https://bmjophth.bmj.com/content/9/1/e001393.full |
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