Invited review: Improved control of Johne's disease in dairy cattle through advancements in diagnostics, testing, and management of young stock
ABSTRACT: Johne's disease (JD; paratuberculosis) control programs have been regionally implemented across the globe, but few have successfully eradicated the pathogen (Mycobacterium avium ssp. paratuberculosis; MAP) causing this disease. The limited success may partly be attributed to excluding...
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Elsevier
2025-02-01
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| Series: | Journal of Dairy Science |
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| Online Access: | http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0022030224011871 |
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| author | Larissa Martins Karin Orsel Razieh Eshraghisamani Jose Miguel Hernández-Agudelo A. Caroline Pereira Waseem Shaukat Ad P. Koets John P. Bannantine Caroline Ritter David F. Kelton Richard J. Whittington Maarten F. Weber Antonio Facciuolo Navneet K. Dhand Karsten Donat Susanne Eisenberg Miguel A. Salgado John P. Kastelic Jeroen De Buck Herman W. Barkema |
| author_facet | Larissa Martins Karin Orsel Razieh Eshraghisamani Jose Miguel Hernández-Agudelo A. Caroline Pereira Waseem Shaukat Ad P. Koets John P. Bannantine Caroline Ritter David F. Kelton Richard J. Whittington Maarten F. Weber Antonio Facciuolo Navneet K. Dhand Karsten Donat Susanne Eisenberg Miguel A. Salgado John P. Kastelic Jeroen De Buck Herman W. Barkema |
| author_sort | Larissa Martins |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | ABSTRACT: Johne's disease (JD; paratuberculosis) control programs have been regionally implemented across the globe, but few have successfully eradicated the pathogen (Mycobacterium avium ssp. paratuberculosis; MAP) causing this disease. The limited success may partly be attributed to excluding young stock (calves and replacement heifers or bulls) from testing strategies aimed at identifying MAP-infected cattle. Young stock can shed MAP in feces and can have detectable MAP-specific antibodies in blood, as confirmed in experimentally and naturally infected cattle. Furthermore, MAP transmission causes new infections in young stock. Calves and heifers are often included in JD management strategies on dairy farms but excluded from conventional diagnostic tests due to a presumed lag between infection and detection of MAP shedding and MAP-specific serum antibodies. We summarize evidence of MAP shedding early in the course of infection and discuss promising diagnostics, testing and management strategies to support inclusion of young stock in JD control programs. Improvements in fecal PCR, interferon-gamma release assay (IGRA), and ELISA enable earlier detection of MAP and specific early immune responses. Studies on IGRA and ELISA have focused on evaluation of new antigens and optimal age of testing. New diagnostics have been developed, including phage-based tests to detect viable MAP, as well as gene expression patterns and metabolomics to detect MAP-infected young stock. In addition, refinements in testing and management of calves and heifers may enable reductions in MAP prevalence. We provide recommendations for dairy farmers, researchers, veterinarians, and other stakeholders that may improve JD control programs with an objective to control and potentially eradicate JD. Additionally, we have identified the most pressing gaps in knowledge that currently hamper inclusion of young stock in JD prevention and control programs. In summary, transmission among young stock may cause new MAP infections, and appropriate use of new diagnostic tests, testing and management strategies for young stock may improve the efficacy of JD control programs. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-8b11653c4c7b44148d2b6189f3f62d28 |
| institution | Kabale University |
| issn | 0022-0302 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-02-01 |
| publisher | Elsevier |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Journal of Dairy Science |
| spelling | doaj-art-8b11653c4c7b44148d2b6189f3f62d282025-01-23T05:25:08ZengElsevierJournal of Dairy Science0022-03022025-02-01108211621181Invited review: Improved control of Johne's disease in dairy cattle through advancements in diagnostics, testing, and management of young stockLarissa Martins0Karin Orsel1Razieh Eshraghisamani2Jose Miguel Hernández-Agudelo3A. Caroline Pereira4Waseem Shaukat5Ad P. Koets6John P. Bannantine7Caroline Ritter8David F. Kelton9Richard J. Whittington10Maarten F. Weber11Antonio Facciuolo12Navneet K. Dhand13Karsten Donat14Susanne Eisenberg15Miguel A. Salgado16John P. Kastelic17Jeroen De Buck18Herman W. Barkema19Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB T2N 0Z4, CanadaFaculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB T2N 0Z4, CanadaFaculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB T2N 0Z4, CanadaInstituto de Medicina Preventiva Veterinaria, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia 5090000, Chile; Escuela de Graduados, Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia, Los Rios 5090000, ChileFaculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB T2N 0Z4, CanadaFaculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB T2N 0Z4, CanadaWageningen Bioveterinary Research, 8221 RA, Lelystad, the NetherlandsNational Animal Disease Center, USDA-ARS, Ames, IA 50011Department of Health Management, Atlantic Veterinary College, University of Prince Edward Island, Charlottetown, PE C1A 4P3, CanadaDepartment of Population Medicine, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, CanadaSydney School of Veterinary Science, University of Sydney, Camden, 2570 NSW, AustraliaRoyal GD, 7400 AA Deventer, the NetherlandsVaccine and Infectious Disease Organization (VIDO), University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5E3, Canada; Department of Veterinary Microbiology, Western College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5B4, CanadaSydney School of Veterinary Science, University of Sydney, Camden, 2570 NSW, AustraliaAnimal Health Service, Thuringian Animal Diseases Fund, 07745 Jena, Thuringia, GermanyAnimal Disease Fund of Lower Saxony, 30169 Hanover, Lower Saxony, GermanyInstituto de Medicina Preventiva Veterinaria, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia 5090000, ChileFaculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB T2N 0Z4, CanadaFaculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB T2N 0Z4, CanadaFaculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB T2N 0Z4, Canada; Corresponding authorABSTRACT: Johne's disease (JD; paratuberculosis) control programs have been regionally implemented across the globe, but few have successfully eradicated the pathogen (Mycobacterium avium ssp. paratuberculosis; MAP) causing this disease. The limited success may partly be attributed to excluding young stock (calves and replacement heifers or bulls) from testing strategies aimed at identifying MAP-infected cattle. Young stock can shed MAP in feces and can have detectable MAP-specific antibodies in blood, as confirmed in experimentally and naturally infected cattle. Furthermore, MAP transmission causes new infections in young stock. Calves and heifers are often included in JD management strategies on dairy farms but excluded from conventional diagnostic tests due to a presumed lag between infection and detection of MAP shedding and MAP-specific serum antibodies. We summarize evidence of MAP shedding early in the course of infection and discuss promising diagnostics, testing and management strategies to support inclusion of young stock in JD control programs. Improvements in fecal PCR, interferon-gamma release assay (IGRA), and ELISA enable earlier detection of MAP and specific early immune responses. Studies on IGRA and ELISA have focused on evaluation of new antigens and optimal age of testing. New diagnostics have been developed, including phage-based tests to detect viable MAP, as well as gene expression patterns and metabolomics to detect MAP-infected young stock. In addition, refinements in testing and management of calves and heifers may enable reductions in MAP prevalence. We provide recommendations for dairy farmers, researchers, veterinarians, and other stakeholders that may improve JD control programs with an objective to control and potentially eradicate JD. Additionally, we have identified the most pressing gaps in knowledge that currently hamper inclusion of young stock in JD prevention and control programs. In summary, transmission among young stock may cause new MAP infections, and appropriate use of new diagnostic tests, testing and management strategies for young stock may improve the efficacy of JD control programs.http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0022030224011871calvesdisease controlnew diagnosticsparatuberculosisprevention |
| spellingShingle | Larissa Martins Karin Orsel Razieh Eshraghisamani Jose Miguel Hernández-Agudelo A. Caroline Pereira Waseem Shaukat Ad P. Koets John P. Bannantine Caroline Ritter David F. Kelton Richard J. Whittington Maarten F. Weber Antonio Facciuolo Navneet K. Dhand Karsten Donat Susanne Eisenberg Miguel A. Salgado John P. Kastelic Jeroen De Buck Herman W. Barkema Invited review: Improved control of Johne's disease in dairy cattle through advancements in diagnostics, testing, and management of young stock Journal of Dairy Science calves disease control new diagnostics paratuberculosis prevention |
| title | Invited review: Improved control of Johne's disease in dairy cattle through advancements in diagnostics, testing, and management of young stock |
| title_full | Invited review: Improved control of Johne's disease in dairy cattle through advancements in diagnostics, testing, and management of young stock |
| title_fullStr | Invited review: Improved control of Johne's disease in dairy cattle through advancements in diagnostics, testing, and management of young stock |
| title_full_unstemmed | Invited review: Improved control of Johne's disease in dairy cattle through advancements in diagnostics, testing, and management of young stock |
| title_short | Invited review: Improved control of Johne's disease in dairy cattle through advancements in diagnostics, testing, and management of young stock |
| title_sort | invited review improved control of johne s disease in dairy cattle through advancements in diagnostics testing and management of young stock |
| topic | calves disease control new diagnostics paratuberculosis prevention |
| url | http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0022030224011871 |
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