Routing Enhancement in MANET Using Particle Swarm Algorithm
A Mobile ad hoc Network (MANET) is a collection of wireless mobile nodes that temporarily establish a network without centralized administration or fixed infrastructure. Designing the routing of adequate routing protocols is a major challenge given the constraints of battery, bandwidth, multi-hop, m...
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| Format: | Article |
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MDPI AG
2024-12-01
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| Series: | Automation |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2673-4052/5/4/36 |
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| author | Ohood Almutairi Enas Khairullah Abeer Almakky Reem Alotaibi |
| author_facet | Ohood Almutairi Enas Khairullah Abeer Almakky Reem Alotaibi |
| author_sort | Ohood Almutairi |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | A Mobile ad hoc Network (MANET) is a collection of wireless mobile nodes that temporarily establish a network without centralized administration or fixed infrastructure. Designing the routing of adequate routing protocols is a major challenge given the constraints of battery, bandwidth, multi-hop, mobility, and enormous network sizes. Recently, Swarm Intelligence (SI) methods have been employed in MANET routing due to similarities between swarm behavior and routing. These methods are applied to obtain ideal solutions that ensure flexibility. This paper implements an enhanced Particle Swarm Optimization (EPSO) algorithm that improves MANET performance by enhancing the routing protocol. The proposed algorithm selects the stable path by considering multiple metrics such as short distance, delay of the path, and energy consumption. The simulation results illustrate that the EPSO outperforms other existing approaches regarding throughput, PDR, and number of valid paths. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-8a9811737de74ac6b7e965bd834b2c45 |
| institution | OA Journals |
| issn | 2673-4052 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2024-12-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Automation |
| spelling | doaj-art-8a9811737de74ac6b7e965bd834b2c452025-08-20T02:00:51ZengMDPI AGAutomation2673-40522024-12-015463064310.3390/automation5040036Routing Enhancement in MANET Using Particle Swarm AlgorithmOhood Almutairi0Enas Khairullah1Abeer Almakky2Reem Alotaibi3Faculty of Computing and Information Technology, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi ArabiaFaculty of Computing and Information Technology, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi ArabiaFaculty of Computing and Information Technology, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi ArabiaFaculty of Computing and Information Technology, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi ArabiaA Mobile ad hoc Network (MANET) is a collection of wireless mobile nodes that temporarily establish a network without centralized administration or fixed infrastructure. Designing the routing of adequate routing protocols is a major challenge given the constraints of battery, bandwidth, multi-hop, mobility, and enormous network sizes. Recently, Swarm Intelligence (SI) methods have been employed in MANET routing due to similarities between swarm behavior and routing. These methods are applied to obtain ideal solutions that ensure flexibility. This paper implements an enhanced Particle Swarm Optimization (EPSO) algorithm that improves MANET performance by enhancing the routing protocol. The proposed algorithm selects the stable path by considering multiple metrics such as short distance, delay of the path, and energy consumption. The simulation results illustrate that the EPSO outperforms other existing approaches regarding throughput, PDR, and number of valid paths.https://www.mdpi.com/2673-4052/5/4/36mobile ad hoc networks (MANETs)routing protocolswarm intelligenceparticle swarm optimization (PSO) |
| spellingShingle | Ohood Almutairi Enas Khairullah Abeer Almakky Reem Alotaibi Routing Enhancement in MANET Using Particle Swarm Algorithm Automation mobile ad hoc networks (MANETs) routing protocol swarm intelligence particle swarm optimization (PSO) |
| title | Routing Enhancement in MANET Using Particle Swarm Algorithm |
| title_full | Routing Enhancement in MANET Using Particle Swarm Algorithm |
| title_fullStr | Routing Enhancement in MANET Using Particle Swarm Algorithm |
| title_full_unstemmed | Routing Enhancement in MANET Using Particle Swarm Algorithm |
| title_short | Routing Enhancement in MANET Using Particle Swarm Algorithm |
| title_sort | routing enhancement in manet using particle swarm algorithm |
| topic | mobile ad hoc networks (MANETs) routing protocol swarm intelligence particle swarm optimization (PSO) |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2673-4052/5/4/36 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT ohoodalmutairi routingenhancementinmanetusingparticleswarmalgorithm AT enaskhairullah routingenhancementinmanetusingparticleswarmalgorithm AT abeeralmakky routingenhancementinmanetusingparticleswarmalgorithm AT reemalotaibi routingenhancementinmanetusingparticleswarmalgorithm |