Impact of Smoking and Smokeless Tobacco on Salivary Flow Rate, pH Levels and Salivary Electrolytes
Background: Tobacco use, both in smoked and smokeless forms, poses a significant threat to public health. The specific impact of tobacco use on the parameters of saliva still needs to be explored. Hence, the current study aimed to identify the impact of smoking and smokeless tobacco on salivary flo...
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| Main Authors: | , , , , , , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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ziauddin University
2025-01-01
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| Series: | Pakistan Journal of Medicine and Dentistry |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://ojs.zu.edu.pk/pjmd/article/view/3254 |
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| author | Syeda Sadia Hassan Syed Hussain Askary Syed Mohammad Ahmed Bukhari Amir Akbar Shaikh Syed Akbar Abbas Zaidi Abubakar Abdullah Hassan Shahid |
| author_facet | Syeda Sadia Hassan Syed Hussain Askary Syed Mohammad Ahmed Bukhari Amir Akbar Shaikh Syed Akbar Abbas Zaidi Abubakar Abdullah Hassan Shahid |
| author_sort | Syeda Sadia Hassan |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description |
Background: Tobacco use, both in smoked and smokeless forms, poses a significant threat to public health. The specific impact of tobacco use on the parameters of saliva still needs to be explored. Hence, the current study aimed to identify the impact of smoking and smokeless tobacco on salivary flow rate, pH levels, and salivary electrolytes.
Method: This cross-sectional study was conducted at community health centers, dental clinics, and public spaces in Hyderabad from January 2024 to July 2024. A total of 150 smokers and smokeless tobacco users who were >18 years old were recruited via convenience sampling technique. MedCalc software was used, and a one-way analysis of variances was run to identify the differences in the values of groups. The level of significance was kept at 95% CI.
Results: Salivary flow rate, pH levels, and electrolyte measurements were analyzed, and the findings revealed that levels of the unstimulated flow rate of saliva were noticeably less (p<0.001) in both smoking and smokeless tobacco user groups compared to the control group.
Conclusion: Overall, the results underscore the dangerous impact of tobacco on oral health, highlighting the need for targeted interventions to reduce tobacco use and promote oral health awareness.
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| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-8a93556bde744ccfa2f271d6448469f2 |
| institution | Kabale University |
| issn | 2313-7371 2308-2593 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-01-01 |
| publisher | ziauddin University |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Pakistan Journal of Medicine and Dentistry |
| spelling | doaj-art-8a93556bde744ccfa2f271d6448469f22025-01-19T20:18:30Zengziauddin UniversityPakistan Journal of Medicine and Dentistry2313-73712308-25932025-01-0114110.36283/ziun-pjmd14-1/006Impact of Smoking and Smokeless Tobacco on Salivary Flow Rate, pH Levels and Salivary ElectrolytesSyeda Sadia Hassan0https://orcid.org/0009-0002-8285-7376Syed Hussain Askary1Syed Mohammad Ahmed Bukhari2 Amir Akbar Shaikh 3Syed Akbar Abbas Zaidi4Abubakar Abdullah5Hassan Shahid 6https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4487-0641Isra Dental College, Isra University, Hyderabad, PakistanFatima Jinnah Dental College, Karachi. Pakistan.Bukhari Dental Clinic Dera Ghazi Khan,PakistanMohammad Dental College, Mirpur Khas ,Pakistan.Bahria University Health Sciences, Karachi, Pakistan.WATIM college of Dentistry, Rawalpindi, Pakistan. Isra Dental College, Isra University, Hyderabad, Pakistan. Background: Tobacco use, both in smoked and smokeless forms, poses a significant threat to public health. The specific impact of tobacco use on the parameters of saliva still needs to be explored. Hence, the current study aimed to identify the impact of smoking and smokeless tobacco on salivary flow rate, pH levels, and salivary electrolytes. Method: This cross-sectional study was conducted at community health centers, dental clinics, and public spaces in Hyderabad from January 2024 to July 2024. A total of 150 smokers and smokeless tobacco users who were >18 years old were recruited via convenience sampling technique. MedCalc software was used, and a one-way analysis of variances was run to identify the differences in the values of groups. The level of significance was kept at 95% CI. Results: Salivary flow rate, pH levels, and electrolyte measurements were analyzed, and the findings revealed that levels of the unstimulated flow rate of saliva were noticeably less (p<0.001) in both smoking and smokeless tobacco user groups compared to the control group. Conclusion: Overall, the results underscore the dangerous impact of tobacco on oral health, highlighting the need for targeted interventions to reduce tobacco use and promote oral health awareness. https://ojs.zu.edu.pk/pjmd/article/view/3254TobaccoChewing TobaccoMouth DiseasesSalivary Gland |
| spellingShingle | Syeda Sadia Hassan Syed Hussain Askary Syed Mohammad Ahmed Bukhari Amir Akbar Shaikh Syed Akbar Abbas Zaidi Abubakar Abdullah Hassan Shahid Impact of Smoking and Smokeless Tobacco on Salivary Flow Rate, pH Levels and Salivary Electrolytes Pakistan Journal of Medicine and Dentistry Tobacco Chewing Tobacco Mouth Diseases Salivary Gland |
| title | Impact of Smoking and Smokeless Tobacco on Salivary Flow Rate, pH Levels and Salivary Electrolytes |
| title_full | Impact of Smoking and Smokeless Tobacco on Salivary Flow Rate, pH Levels and Salivary Electrolytes |
| title_fullStr | Impact of Smoking and Smokeless Tobacco on Salivary Flow Rate, pH Levels and Salivary Electrolytes |
| title_full_unstemmed | Impact of Smoking and Smokeless Tobacco on Salivary Flow Rate, pH Levels and Salivary Electrolytes |
| title_short | Impact of Smoking and Smokeless Tobacco on Salivary Flow Rate, pH Levels and Salivary Electrolytes |
| title_sort | impact of smoking and smokeless tobacco on salivary flow rate ph levels and salivary electrolytes |
| topic | Tobacco Chewing Tobacco Mouth Diseases Salivary Gland |
| url | https://ojs.zu.edu.pk/pjmd/article/view/3254 |
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