Entanglement distribution in lossy quantum networks
Abstract Entanglement distribution is essential for unlocking the potential of distributed quantum information processing. We consider an N-partite network where entanglement is distributed via a central source over lossy channels, and network participants cooperate to establish entanglement between...
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Nature Portfolio
2025-08-01
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| Series: | Scientific Reports |
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| Online Access: | https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-14226-2 |
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| author | Leonardo Oleynik Junaid ur Rehman Seid Koudia Symeon Chatzinotas |
| author_facet | Leonardo Oleynik Junaid ur Rehman Seid Koudia Symeon Chatzinotas |
| author_sort | Leonardo Oleynik |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Abstract Entanglement distribution is essential for unlocking the potential of distributed quantum information processing. We consider an N-partite network where entanglement is distributed via a central source over lossy channels, and network participants cooperate to establish entanglement between any two chosen parties under local operations and classical communication (LOCC). We develop a general mathematical framework to assess the average bipartite entanglement shared in a lossy distribution, and introduce a tractable lower bound by optimizing over a subset of single-parameter LOCC transformations. Our results show that probabilistically extracting Bell pairs from W states is more advantageous than deterministically extracting them from GHZ-like states in lossy networks, with this advantage increasing with network size. We further extend our analysis analytically, proving that W states remain more effective in large-scale networks. These findings offer valuable insights into the practical deployment of near-term networks, and corroborate a trade-off relationship between the success conversion probability of entanglement distribution protocols and their robustness to loss. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-8a5a10366f6e4911892512f28bb8a00e |
| institution | DOAJ |
| issn | 2045-2322 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-08-01 |
| publisher | Nature Portfolio |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Scientific Reports |
| spelling | doaj-art-8a5a10366f6e4911892512f28bb8a00e2025-08-20T03:05:18ZengNature PortfolioScientific Reports2045-23222025-08-011511910.1038/s41598-025-14226-2Entanglement distribution in lossy quantum networksLeonardo Oleynik0Junaid ur Rehman1Seid Koudia2Symeon Chatzinotas3Interdisciplinary Centre for Security, Reliability and Trust (SnT), University of LuxembourgDepartment of Electrical Engineering, and the Center for Intelligent Secure Systems, King Fahd University of Petroleum and Minerals (KFUPM)Interdisciplinary Centre for Security, Reliability and Trust (SnT), University of LuxembourgInterdisciplinary Centre for Security, Reliability and Trust (SnT), University of LuxembourgAbstract Entanglement distribution is essential for unlocking the potential of distributed quantum information processing. We consider an N-partite network where entanglement is distributed via a central source over lossy channels, and network participants cooperate to establish entanglement between any two chosen parties under local operations and classical communication (LOCC). We develop a general mathematical framework to assess the average bipartite entanglement shared in a lossy distribution, and introduce a tractable lower bound by optimizing over a subset of single-parameter LOCC transformations. Our results show that probabilistically extracting Bell pairs from W states is more advantageous than deterministically extracting them from GHZ-like states in lossy networks, with this advantage increasing with network size. We further extend our analysis analytically, proving that W states remain more effective in large-scale networks. These findings offer valuable insights into the practical deployment of near-term networks, and corroborate a trade-off relationship between the success conversion probability of entanglement distribution protocols and their robustness to loss.https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-14226-2Entanglement distributionLossy quantum networksW states |
| spellingShingle | Leonardo Oleynik Junaid ur Rehman Seid Koudia Symeon Chatzinotas Entanglement distribution in lossy quantum networks Scientific Reports Entanglement distribution Lossy quantum networks W states |
| title | Entanglement distribution in lossy quantum networks |
| title_full | Entanglement distribution in lossy quantum networks |
| title_fullStr | Entanglement distribution in lossy quantum networks |
| title_full_unstemmed | Entanglement distribution in lossy quantum networks |
| title_short | Entanglement distribution in lossy quantum networks |
| title_sort | entanglement distribution in lossy quantum networks |
| topic | Entanglement distribution Lossy quantum networks W states |
| url | https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-14226-2 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT leonardooleynik entanglementdistributioninlossyquantumnetworks AT junaidurrehman entanglementdistributioninlossyquantumnetworks AT seidkoudia entanglementdistributioninlossyquantumnetworks AT symeonchatzinotas entanglementdistributioninlossyquantumnetworks |