Noninvasive Urinary Biomarkers for Obesity-Related Metabolic Diseases: Diagnostic Applications and Future Directions

Obesity-related metabolic diseases include conditions linked to obesity, such as type 2 diabetes, hypertension, steatotic liver disease, and polycystic ovary syndrome. These disorders are primarily caused by insulin resistance, chronic inflammation, and excessive fat accumulation. They represent sig...

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Bibliographic Details
Main Authors: Shumin Zhan, Xuelian Zhou, Junfen Fu
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: MDPI AG 2025-04-01
Series:Biomolecules
Subjects:
Online Access:https://www.mdpi.com/2218-273X/15/5/633
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