Effects of Ketamine vs. Midazolam in Adolescent Treatment Resistant Depression
<b>Background:</b> Adolescent treatment resistant depression (TRD) is increasing in recent years. While ketamine showed rapid antidepressant effects in adult TRD studies, research on its effectiveness in adolescents is limited. <b>Methods:</b> This study examines the effects...
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MDPI AG
2024-12-01
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| author | Andrea Macejova Veronika Kovacova Ingrid Tonhajzerova Zuzana Visnovcova Nikola Ferencova Zuzana Mlyncekova Tomas Kukucka Igor Ondrejka |
| author_facet | Andrea Macejova Veronika Kovacova Ingrid Tonhajzerova Zuzana Visnovcova Nikola Ferencova Zuzana Mlyncekova Tomas Kukucka Igor Ondrejka |
| author_sort | Andrea Macejova |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | <b>Background:</b> Adolescent treatment resistant depression (TRD) is increasing in recent years. While ketamine showed rapid antidepressant effects in adult TRD studies, research on its effectiveness in adolescents is limited. <b>Methods:</b> This study examines the effects of intravenous ketamine vs. midazolam on depressive and anxiety symptomatology assessed by the Montgomery–Åsberg Depression Rating Scale (MADRS), Hamilton Anxiety Rating Scale (HAM-A), and Children’s Depression Inventory (CDI) at two time points—2 h after initial infusion (T0+2h) and 24 h after the end of the treatment (Te+24h) in a sample of 55 adolescent TRD females (27 receiving ketamine, 28 midazolam). <b>Results:</b> At T0+2h, within-group comparisons revealed a significant reduction in MADRS and HAM-A scores compared to baseline in the ketamine and midazolam groups. At Te+24h, both groups demonstrated similar significant reductions in MADRS, HAM-A, and CDI scores compared to baseline. The MADRS assessment in the ketamine group showed 33% and 59% responders, and in the midazolam group, 14% and 46% responders at T0+2h and Te+24h, respectively. HAM-A evaluation in the ketamine group revealed 33% and 56% responders, and in the midazolam group, 11% and 39% responders at T0+2h and at Te+24h, respectively. CDI rating discovered 11% and 44% responders in the ketamine group and 4% and 21% responders in the midazolam group at T0+2h and Te+24h, respectively. Moreover, inner tension significantly decreased in ketamine compared to the midazolam group at Te+24h. <b>Conclusions:</b> Ketamine showed a reduction in depressive and anxiety symptoms during a short-term period with particular efficacy in alleviating inner tension over midazolam, suggesting its potential advantages in specific symptom relief in rarely studied adolescent TRD. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-8a1087d687664e6a83141843d9ec9dfb |
| institution | DOAJ |
| issn | 1424-8247 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2024-12-01 |
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| spelling | doaj-art-8a1087d687664e6a83141843d9ec9dfb2025-08-20T02:56:57ZengMDPI AGPharmaceuticals1424-82472024-12-011712162710.3390/ph17121627Effects of Ketamine vs. Midazolam in Adolescent Treatment Resistant DepressionAndrea Macejova0Veronika Kovacova1Ingrid Tonhajzerova2Zuzana Visnovcova3Nikola Ferencova4Zuzana Mlyncekova5Tomas Kukucka6Igor Ondrejka7Clinic of Psychiatry, Jessenius Faculty of Medicine in Martin, Comenius University in Bratislava, University Hospital Martin, Kollarova 2, 03601 Martin, SlovakiaClinic of Psychiatry, Jessenius Faculty of Medicine in Martin, Comenius University in Bratislava, University Hospital Martin, Kollarova 2, 03601 Martin, SlovakiaClinic of Psychiatry, Jessenius Faculty of Medicine in Martin, Comenius University in Bratislava, University Hospital Martin, Kollarova 2, 03601 Martin, SlovakiaBiomedical Centre Martin, Jessenius Faculty of Medicine in Martin, Comenius University in Bratislava, Mala Hora 4D, 03601 Martin, SlovakiaDepartment of Physiology, Jessenius Faculty of Medicine in Martin, Comenius University in Bratislava, Mala Hora 4C, 03601 Martin, SlovakiaClinic of Psychiatry, Jessenius Faculty of Medicine in Martin, Comenius University in Bratislava, University Hospital Martin, Kollarova 2, 03601 Martin, SlovakiaClinic of Psychiatry, Jessenius Faculty of Medicine in Martin, Comenius University in Bratislava, University Hospital Martin, Kollarova 2, 03601 Martin, SlovakiaClinic of Psychiatry, Jessenius Faculty of Medicine in Martin, Comenius University in Bratislava, University Hospital Martin, Kollarova 2, 03601 Martin, Slovakia<b>Background:</b> Adolescent treatment resistant depression (TRD) is increasing in recent years. While ketamine showed rapid antidepressant effects in adult TRD studies, research on its effectiveness in adolescents is limited. <b>Methods:</b> This study examines the effects of intravenous ketamine vs. midazolam on depressive and anxiety symptomatology assessed by the Montgomery–Åsberg Depression Rating Scale (MADRS), Hamilton Anxiety Rating Scale (HAM-A), and Children’s Depression Inventory (CDI) at two time points—2 h after initial infusion (T0+2h) and 24 h after the end of the treatment (Te+24h) in a sample of 55 adolescent TRD females (27 receiving ketamine, 28 midazolam). <b>Results:</b> At T0+2h, within-group comparisons revealed a significant reduction in MADRS and HAM-A scores compared to baseline in the ketamine and midazolam groups. At Te+24h, both groups demonstrated similar significant reductions in MADRS, HAM-A, and CDI scores compared to baseline. The MADRS assessment in the ketamine group showed 33% and 59% responders, and in the midazolam group, 14% and 46% responders at T0+2h and Te+24h, respectively. HAM-A evaluation in the ketamine group revealed 33% and 56% responders, and in the midazolam group, 11% and 39% responders at T0+2h and at Te+24h, respectively. CDI rating discovered 11% and 44% responders in the ketamine group and 4% and 21% responders in the midazolam group at T0+2h and Te+24h, respectively. Moreover, inner tension significantly decreased in ketamine compared to the midazolam group at Te+24h. <b>Conclusions:</b> Ketamine showed a reduction in depressive and anxiety symptoms during a short-term period with particular efficacy in alleviating inner tension over midazolam, suggesting its potential advantages in specific symptom relief in rarely studied adolescent TRD.https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8247/17/12/1627adolescent agenovel antidepressantsketaminemidazolamtreatment-resistant depression |
| spellingShingle | Andrea Macejova Veronika Kovacova Ingrid Tonhajzerova Zuzana Visnovcova Nikola Ferencova Zuzana Mlyncekova Tomas Kukucka Igor Ondrejka Effects of Ketamine vs. Midazolam in Adolescent Treatment Resistant Depression Pharmaceuticals adolescent age novel antidepressants ketamine midazolam treatment-resistant depression |
| title | Effects of Ketamine vs. Midazolam in Adolescent Treatment Resistant Depression |
| title_full | Effects of Ketamine vs. Midazolam in Adolescent Treatment Resistant Depression |
| title_fullStr | Effects of Ketamine vs. Midazolam in Adolescent Treatment Resistant Depression |
| title_full_unstemmed | Effects of Ketamine vs. Midazolam in Adolescent Treatment Resistant Depression |
| title_short | Effects of Ketamine vs. Midazolam in Adolescent Treatment Resistant Depression |
| title_sort | effects of ketamine vs midazolam in adolescent treatment resistant depression |
| topic | adolescent age novel antidepressants ketamine midazolam treatment-resistant depression |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8247/17/12/1627 |
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