Dégradation des écosystèmes steppiques et stratégie de développement durable. Mise au point méthodologique appliquée à la Wilaya de Nâama (Algérie)
The desert dangerously advances… unrelentingly South towards North. A recent ecological diagnosis (2000), which we carried out the length of a Northen transect – South of the steppe zone in the west of Algerian territory (Wilaya de Naâma), established. A most recent diagnosis (2003) carried out in t...
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| Main Authors: | , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | fra |
| Published: |
Réseau Développement Durable et Territoires Fragiles
2005-09-01
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| Series: | Développement Durable et Territoires |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://journals.openedition.org/developpementdurable/1339 |
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| Summary: | The desert dangerously advances… unrelentingly South towards North. A recent ecological diagnosis (2000), which we carried out the length of a Northen transect – South of the steppe zone in the west of Algerian territory (Wilaya de Naâma), established. A most recent diagnosis (2003) carried out in the same zone, a hundred km in the East confirmed. A diachronical approach based on the comparaison of the statements of 2000 with the physionomical unities of the pastoral charts of Algeria, published by the CRBT in 1980, indicates that in 20 years two species characteristic of this zone like Stipa tenacissima and Artemisia herba alba lost a great part of their territory. In certain spaces, they completely disappeared. The approaches fragmentary technicists, technical and administrative centralised planninig, accompanied locally by behaviours insufficiently holding acount of the brittleness of the ecosystem led to the extention of ecologically harmful actions : ill-considered clearing, overgrazing, abandonment… of wich negative effects were worsened by long periods of dryness. However, the methods and techniques of protection and regeneration of the courses can be used within the framework of relevant programs of installation engaging fully the local populations directly concerned : reduction of the animal load, rotation of the pasturages, setting in defens, resemis of the degraded courses, plantation of fodder shrubs. The use of a suitable methodology based on participative approach and planning by objectives seems to be an effective means for a planning adapted in order to reach a sustainable development in the steppe territory. Pursuant to this step, we carried out making of problem’s forking which allowed the identification of the principal causes of the degradation of the steppe ecosystem. The elaboration of objectif’s forking allows setting up the types of activities to fight against an alarming degradation which is likely to transform the whole of steppe space into sahara space. At last, the analysis of strategies based on the objectif’s forking allow to free three complementary programs having for specific objectives: the restoring of balance liverstock/course, the suppression of illicitly plough and the rational management of the steppes ecosystem. |
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| ISSN: | 1772-9971 |