Investigation of Improved Labyrinth Seal Stability Accounting for Radial Deformation

This study examines the labyrinth seal disc of an aero-engine, specifically analysing the radial deformation caused by centrifugal force and heat stress during operation. This distortion may lead to discrepancies in the performance attributes of the labyrinth seal and could potentially result in con...

Full description

Saved in:
Bibliographic Details
Main Authors: Guozhe Ren, Hongyuan Tang, Dan Sun, Wenfeng Xu, Yu Li
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: MDPI AG 2025-07-01
Series:Aerospace
Subjects:
Online Access:https://www.mdpi.com/2226-4310/12/7/621
Tags: Add Tag
No Tags, Be the first to tag this record!
_version_ 1849714457923551232
author Guozhe Ren
Hongyuan Tang
Dan Sun
Wenfeng Xu
Yu Li
author_facet Guozhe Ren
Hongyuan Tang
Dan Sun
Wenfeng Xu
Yu Li
author_sort Guozhe Ren
collection DOAJ
description This study examines the labyrinth seal disc of an aero-engine, specifically analysing the radial deformation caused by centrifugal force and heat stress during operation. This distortion may lead to discrepancies in the performance attributes of the labyrinth seal and could potentially result in contact between the labyrinth seal tip and neighbouring components. A numerical analytical model incorporating the rotor and stator cavities, along with the labyrinth seal disc structure, has been established. The sealing integrity of a standard labyrinth seal disc’s flow channel is evaluated and studied at different clearances utilising the fluid–solid-thermal coupling method. The findings demonstrate that, after considering radial deformation, a cold gap of 0.5 mm in the conventional labyrinth structure leads to stabilisation of the final hot gap and flow rate, with no occurrence of tooth tip rubbing; however, both the gap value and flow rate show considerable variation relative to the cold state. When the cold gap is 0.3 mm, the labyrinth plate makes contact with the stator wall. To resolve the problem of tooth tip abrasion in the conventional design with a 0.3 mm cold gap, two improved configurations are proposed, and a stability study for each configuration is performed independently. The leakage and temperature rise attributes of the two upgraded configurations are markedly inferior to those of the classic configuration at a cold gap of 0.5 mm. At a cold gap of 0.3 mm, the two improved designs demonstrate no instances of tooth tip rubbing.
format Article
id doaj-art-886ab1c051854aeba574d327adc2ec1b
institution DOAJ
issn 2226-4310
language English
publishDate 2025-07-01
publisher MDPI AG
record_format Article
series Aerospace
spelling doaj-art-886ab1c051854aeba574d327adc2ec1b2025-08-20T03:13:42ZengMDPI AGAerospace2226-43102025-07-0112762110.3390/aerospace12070621Investigation of Improved Labyrinth Seal Stability Accounting for Radial DeformationGuozhe Ren0Hongyuan Tang1Dan Sun2Wenfeng Xu3Yu Li4Laboratory of Turbomachinery Advanced Seal Technology, School of Aero-Engine, Shenyang Aerospace University, Shenyang 110136, ChinaLaboratory of Turbomachinery Advanced Seal Technology, School of Aero-Engine, Shenyang Aerospace University, Shenyang 110136, ChinaLaboratory of Turbomachinery Advanced Seal Technology, School of Aero-Engine, Shenyang Aerospace University, Shenyang 110136, ChinaLaboratory of Turbomachinery Advanced Seal Technology, School of Aero-Engine, Shenyang Aerospace University, Shenyang 110136, ChinaLaboratory of Turbomachinery Advanced Seal Technology, School of Aero-Engine, Shenyang Aerospace University, Shenyang 110136, ChinaThis study examines the labyrinth seal disc of an aero-engine, specifically analysing the radial deformation caused by centrifugal force and heat stress during operation. This distortion may lead to discrepancies in the performance attributes of the labyrinth seal and could potentially result in contact between the labyrinth seal tip and neighbouring components. A numerical analytical model incorporating the rotor and stator cavities, along with the labyrinth seal disc structure, has been established. The sealing integrity of a standard labyrinth seal disc’s flow channel is evaluated and studied at different clearances utilising the fluid–solid-thermal coupling method. The findings demonstrate that, after considering radial deformation, a cold gap of 0.5 mm in the conventional labyrinth structure leads to stabilisation of the final hot gap and flow rate, with no occurrence of tooth tip rubbing; however, both the gap value and flow rate show considerable variation relative to the cold state. When the cold gap is 0.3 mm, the labyrinth plate makes contact with the stator wall. To resolve the problem of tooth tip abrasion in the conventional design with a 0.3 mm cold gap, two improved configurations are proposed, and a stability study for each configuration is performed independently. The leakage and temperature rise attributes of the two upgraded configurations are markedly inferior to those of the classic configuration at a cold gap of 0.5 mm. At a cold gap of 0.3 mm, the two improved designs demonstrate no instances of tooth tip rubbing.https://www.mdpi.com/2226-4310/12/7/621labyrinth sealsradial deformationfluid–solid-heat couplingstability of sealingleakage characteristics
spellingShingle Guozhe Ren
Hongyuan Tang
Dan Sun
Wenfeng Xu
Yu Li
Investigation of Improved Labyrinth Seal Stability Accounting for Radial Deformation
Aerospace
labyrinth seals
radial deformation
fluid–solid-heat coupling
stability of sealing
leakage characteristics
title Investigation of Improved Labyrinth Seal Stability Accounting for Radial Deformation
title_full Investigation of Improved Labyrinth Seal Stability Accounting for Radial Deformation
title_fullStr Investigation of Improved Labyrinth Seal Stability Accounting for Radial Deformation
title_full_unstemmed Investigation of Improved Labyrinth Seal Stability Accounting for Radial Deformation
title_short Investigation of Improved Labyrinth Seal Stability Accounting for Radial Deformation
title_sort investigation of improved labyrinth seal stability accounting for radial deformation
topic labyrinth seals
radial deformation
fluid–solid-heat coupling
stability of sealing
leakage characteristics
url https://www.mdpi.com/2226-4310/12/7/621
work_keys_str_mv AT guozheren investigationofimprovedlabyrinthsealstabilityaccountingforradialdeformation
AT hongyuantang investigationofimprovedlabyrinthsealstabilityaccountingforradialdeformation
AT dansun investigationofimprovedlabyrinthsealstabilityaccountingforradialdeformation
AT wenfengxu investigationofimprovedlabyrinthsealstabilityaccountingforradialdeformation
AT yuli investigationofimprovedlabyrinthsealstabilityaccountingforradialdeformation