Divide-by-Three Injection-Locked Frequency Dividers with Direct Forcing Signal
Divide-by-three frequency dividers with direct forcing signal are analyzed, and the actual locking mechanism underlying their operation is highlighted. In particular, it is shown that the locking mechanism cannot be explained with the mixing between signals, as commonly made in the literature. An an...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Wiley
2013-01-01
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| Series: | Journal of Electrical and Computer Engineering |
| Online Access: | http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2013/145314 |
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| _version_ | 1832558875598913536 |
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| author | Antonio Buonomo Alessandro Lo Schiavo |
| author_facet | Antonio Buonomo Alessandro Lo Schiavo |
| author_sort | Antonio Buonomo |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Divide-by-three frequency dividers with direct forcing signal are analyzed, and the actual locking mechanism underlying their operation is highlighted. In particular, it is shown that the locking mechanism cannot be explained with the mixing between signals, as commonly made in the literature. An analytical procedure based on the averaging method is developed for solving the equation describing such dividers, and the first approximation to the oscillation in the locked states is predicted. The amplitude and phase of the output voltage in steady state as well as the locking range are derived in terms of the circuit parameters, obtaining useful design guidelines. The derived results are shown to be very close to SPICE simulations for a 0.13 um RF-CMOS process. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-877362e13c5d4225a406f9cca1225e05 |
| institution | Kabale University |
| issn | 2090-0147 2090-0155 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2013-01-01 |
| publisher | Wiley |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Journal of Electrical and Computer Engineering |
| spelling | doaj-art-877362e13c5d4225a406f9cca1225e052025-02-03T01:31:21ZengWileyJournal of Electrical and Computer Engineering2090-01472090-01552013-01-01201310.1155/2013/145314145314Divide-by-Three Injection-Locked Frequency Dividers with Direct Forcing SignalAntonio Buonomo0Alessandro Lo Schiavo1Seconda Università degli Studi di Napoli, Via Roma 29, 81031 Aversa, ItalySeconda Università degli Studi di Napoli, Via Roma 29, 81031 Aversa, ItalyDivide-by-three frequency dividers with direct forcing signal are analyzed, and the actual locking mechanism underlying their operation is highlighted. In particular, it is shown that the locking mechanism cannot be explained with the mixing between signals, as commonly made in the literature. An analytical procedure based on the averaging method is developed for solving the equation describing such dividers, and the first approximation to the oscillation in the locked states is predicted. The amplitude and phase of the output voltage in steady state as well as the locking range are derived in terms of the circuit parameters, obtaining useful design guidelines. The derived results are shown to be very close to SPICE simulations for a 0.13 um RF-CMOS process.http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2013/145314 |
| spellingShingle | Antonio Buonomo Alessandro Lo Schiavo Divide-by-Three Injection-Locked Frequency Dividers with Direct Forcing Signal Journal of Electrical and Computer Engineering |
| title | Divide-by-Three Injection-Locked Frequency Dividers with Direct Forcing Signal |
| title_full | Divide-by-Three Injection-Locked Frequency Dividers with Direct Forcing Signal |
| title_fullStr | Divide-by-Three Injection-Locked Frequency Dividers with Direct Forcing Signal |
| title_full_unstemmed | Divide-by-Three Injection-Locked Frequency Dividers with Direct Forcing Signal |
| title_short | Divide-by-Three Injection-Locked Frequency Dividers with Direct Forcing Signal |
| title_sort | divide by three injection locked frequency dividers with direct forcing signal |
| url | http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2013/145314 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT antoniobuonomo dividebythreeinjectionlockedfrequencydividerswithdirectforcingsignal AT alessandroloschiavo dividebythreeinjectionlockedfrequencydividerswithdirectforcingsignal |