Microbial Community, Fatty Acid Composition, and Health Potential of Horse Oil Fermented with Barley Nuruk
This study investigates the multifunctional potential of horse oil fermented with barley nuruk, a traditional fermentation starter, focusing on its α-glucosidase inhibitory activity and bioactive applicability. Gas chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry (GC-MS/MS) revealed significant changes in fa...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2024-12-01
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| Series: | Fermentation |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2311-5637/11/1/1 |
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| author | Jeong-Ha Lee Sung-Eun Bae Ho-Min Kang Yu-Jin Ha Chang-Gu Hyun |
| author_facet | Jeong-Ha Lee Sung-Eun Bae Ho-Min Kang Yu-Jin Ha Chang-Gu Hyun |
| author_sort | Jeong-Ha Lee |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | This study investigates the multifunctional potential of horse oil fermented with barley nuruk, a traditional fermentation starter, focusing on its α-glucosidase inhibitory activity and bioactive applicability. Gas chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry (GC-MS/MS) revealed significant changes in fatty acid composition during fermentation, with oleic acid amide and palmitic acid amide remaining stable and stearic acid amide forming prominently by day 10. Molecular docking demonstrated that the amide structures play a key role in α-glucosidase inhibition through essential hydrogen bonding interactions. Next-generation sequencing (NGS) analysis showed a notable reduction in pathogenic bacteria, such as <i>Salmonella enterica</i>, and a dominance of <i>Lactobacillus acidophilus</i> (95.2%) by day 10. The α-glucosidase inhibitory activity increased progressively with fermentation, with the day 10 extract surpassing the synthetic inhibitor acarbose, highlighting its potential for diabetes management. A human skin primary irritation test confirmed the hypoallergenic nature of both hexane-extracted and fermented horse oil products, ensuring their safety for topical applications. In conclusion, fermented horse oil demonstrates significant α-glucosidase inhibitory activity and proven safety, positioning it as a promising natural resource for therapeutic and functional product development. Further studies are needed for clinical validation and commercialization in diabetes management and related applications. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-86bd8d5ca50f43099d05e26fdb0388f4 |
| institution | Kabale University |
| issn | 2311-5637 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2024-12-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Fermentation |
| spelling | doaj-art-86bd8d5ca50f43099d05e26fdb0388f42025-01-24T13:32:00ZengMDPI AGFermentation2311-56372024-12-01111110.3390/fermentation11010001Microbial Community, Fatty Acid Composition, and Health Potential of Horse Oil Fermented with Barley NurukJeong-Ha Lee0Sung-Eun Bae1Ho-Min Kang2Yu-Jin Ha3Chang-Gu Hyun4Department of Chemistry and Cosmetics, Jeju Inside Agency and Cosmetic Science Center, Jeju National University, Jeju 63243, Republic of KoreaDepartment of Chemistry and Cosmetics, Jeju Inside Agency and Cosmetic Science Center, Jeju National University, Jeju 63243, Republic of KoreaDepartment of Chemistry and Cosmetics, Jeju Inside Agency and Cosmetic Science Center, Jeju National University, Jeju 63243, Republic of KoreaDepartment of Chemistry and Cosmetics, Jeju Inside Agency and Cosmetic Science Center, Jeju National University, Jeju 63243, Republic of KoreaDepartment of Chemistry and Cosmetics, Jeju Inside Agency and Cosmetic Science Center, Jeju National University, Jeju 63243, Republic of KoreaThis study investigates the multifunctional potential of horse oil fermented with barley nuruk, a traditional fermentation starter, focusing on its α-glucosidase inhibitory activity and bioactive applicability. Gas chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry (GC-MS/MS) revealed significant changes in fatty acid composition during fermentation, with oleic acid amide and palmitic acid amide remaining stable and stearic acid amide forming prominently by day 10. Molecular docking demonstrated that the amide structures play a key role in α-glucosidase inhibition through essential hydrogen bonding interactions. Next-generation sequencing (NGS) analysis showed a notable reduction in pathogenic bacteria, such as <i>Salmonella enterica</i>, and a dominance of <i>Lactobacillus acidophilus</i> (95.2%) by day 10. The α-glucosidase inhibitory activity increased progressively with fermentation, with the day 10 extract surpassing the synthetic inhibitor acarbose, highlighting its potential for diabetes management. A human skin primary irritation test confirmed the hypoallergenic nature of both hexane-extracted and fermented horse oil products, ensuring their safety for topical applications. In conclusion, fermented horse oil demonstrates significant α-glucosidase inhibitory activity and proven safety, positioning it as a promising natural resource for therapeutic and functional product development. Further studies are needed for clinical validation and commercialization in diabetes management and related applications.https://www.mdpi.com/2311-5637/11/1/1horse oilbarley nurukfermentationmolecular dockingskin applicabilityα-glucosidase inhibition |
| spellingShingle | Jeong-Ha Lee Sung-Eun Bae Ho-Min Kang Yu-Jin Ha Chang-Gu Hyun Microbial Community, Fatty Acid Composition, and Health Potential of Horse Oil Fermented with Barley Nuruk Fermentation horse oil barley nuruk fermentation molecular docking skin applicability α-glucosidase inhibition |
| title | Microbial Community, Fatty Acid Composition, and Health Potential of Horse Oil Fermented with Barley Nuruk |
| title_full | Microbial Community, Fatty Acid Composition, and Health Potential of Horse Oil Fermented with Barley Nuruk |
| title_fullStr | Microbial Community, Fatty Acid Composition, and Health Potential of Horse Oil Fermented with Barley Nuruk |
| title_full_unstemmed | Microbial Community, Fatty Acid Composition, and Health Potential of Horse Oil Fermented with Barley Nuruk |
| title_short | Microbial Community, Fatty Acid Composition, and Health Potential of Horse Oil Fermented with Barley Nuruk |
| title_sort | microbial community fatty acid composition and health potential of horse oil fermented with barley nuruk |
| topic | horse oil barley nuruk fermentation molecular docking skin applicability α-glucosidase inhibition |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2311-5637/11/1/1 |
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