Arabidopsis Calcium Dependent Protein Kinase 3, and Its Orthologues OsCPK1, OsCPK15, and AcCPK16, Are Involved in Biotic and Abiotic Stresses
Calcium-dependent protein kinases (CPKs) are plant proteins that directly bind calcium ions before phosphorylating substrates involved in biotic and abiotic stress responses, as well as development. <i>Arabidopsis thaliana</i> CPK3 (<i>AtCPK3</i>) is involved with plant signa...
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2025-01-01
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| author | Gardette R. Valmonte-Cortes Colleen M. Higgins Robin M. MacDiarmid |
| author_facet | Gardette R. Valmonte-Cortes Colleen M. Higgins Robin M. MacDiarmid |
| author_sort | Gardette R. Valmonte-Cortes |
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| description | Calcium-dependent protein kinases (CPKs) are plant proteins that directly bind calcium ions before phosphorylating substrates involved in biotic and abiotic stress responses, as well as development. <i>Arabidopsis thaliana</i> CPK3 (<i>AtCPK3</i>) is involved with plant signaling pathways such as stomatal movement regulation, salt stress response, apoptosis, seed germination and pathogen defense. In this study, <i>AtCPK3</i> and its orthologues in relatively distant plant species such as rice (<i>Oryza sativa</i>, monocot) and kiwifruit (<i>Actinidia chinensis</i>, asterid eudicot) were analyzed in response to drought, bacteria, fungi, and virus infections. Two orthologues were studied in <i>O. sativa</i>, namely <i>OsCPK1</i> and <i>OsCPK15</i>, while one orthologue—<i>AcCPK16</i>—was identified in <i>A. chinensis</i>. Reverse-transcriptase quantitative PCR (RT-qPCR) analysis revealed that <i>OsCPK1</i> and <i>AcCPK16</i> exhibit similar responses to stressors to <i>AtCPK3</i>. <i>OsCPK15</i> responded differently, particularly in bacterial and fungal infections. An increase in expression was consistently observed among <i>AtCPK3</i> and its orthologues in response to virus infection. Overexpression mutants in both Arabidopsis and kiwifruit showed slight tolerance to drought, while knockout mutants were slightly more susceptible or had little difference with wild-type plants. Overexpression mutants in Arabidopsis showed slight tolerance to virus infection. These findings highlight the importance of <i>AtCPK3</i> and its orthologues in drought and pathogen responses and suggest such function must be conserved in its orthologues in a wide range of plants. |
| format | Article |
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| institution | Kabale University |
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| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-01-01 |
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| spelling | doaj-art-867aa017d24e4348a67edab2385c44f22025-01-24T13:47:09ZengMDPI AGPlants2223-77472025-01-0114229410.3390/plants14020294Arabidopsis Calcium Dependent Protein Kinase 3, and Its Orthologues OsCPK1, OsCPK15, and AcCPK16, Are Involved in Biotic and Abiotic StressesGardette R. Valmonte-Cortes0Colleen M. Higgins1Robin M. MacDiarmid2School of Science, AUT City Campus, Auckland University of Technology, Auckland 1142, New ZealandSchool of Science, AUT City Campus, Auckland University of Technology, Auckland 1142, New ZealandThe New Zealand Institute for Plant & Food Research Limited, 120 Mt Albert Road, Auckland 1025, New ZealandCalcium-dependent protein kinases (CPKs) are plant proteins that directly bind calcium ions before phosphorylating substrates involved in biotic and abiotic stress responses, as well as development. <i>Arabidopsis thaliana</i> CPK3 (<i>AtCPK3</i>) is involved with plant signaling pathways such as stomatal movement regulation, salt stress response, apoptosis, seed germination and pathogen defense. In this study, <i>AtCPK3</i> and its orthologues in relatively distant plant species such as rice (<i>Oryza sativa</i>, monocot) and kiwifruit (<i>Actinidia chinensis</i>, asterid eudicot) were analyzed in response to drought, bacteria, fungi, and virus infections. Two orthologues were studied in <i>O. sativa</i>, namely <i>OsCPK1</i> and <i>OsCPK15</i>, while one orthologue—<i>AcCPK16</i>—was identified in <i>A. chinensis</i>. Reverse-transcriptase quantitative PCR (RT-qPCR) analysis revealed that <i>OsCPK1</i> and <i>AcCPK16</i> exhibit similar responses to stressors to <i>AtCPK3</i>. <i>OsCPK15</i> responded differently, particularly in bacterial and fungal infections. An increase in expression was consistently observed among <i>AtCPK3</i> and its orthologues in response to virus infection. Overexpression mutants in both Arabidopsis and kiwifruit showed slight tolerance to drought, while knockout mutants were slightly more susceptible or had little difference with wild-type plants. Overexpression mutants in Arabidopsis showed slight tolerance to virus infection. These findings highlight the importance of <i>AtCPK3</i> and its orthologues in drought and pathogen responses and suggest such function must be conserved in its orthologues in a wide range of plants.https://www.mdpi.com/2223-7747/14/2/294calcium-dependent protein kinase<i>AtCPK3</i><i>OsCPK1</i>drought responsepathogen response |
| spellingShingle | Gardette R. Valmonte-Cortes Colleen M. Higgins Robin M. MacDiarmid Arabidopsis Calcium Dependent Protein Kinase 3, and Its Orthologues OsCPK1, OsCPK15, and AcCPK16, Are Involved in Biotic and Abiotic Stresses Plants calcium-dependent protein kinase <i>AtCPK3</i> <i>OsCPK1</i> drought response pathogen response |
| title | Arabidopsis Calcium Dependent Protein Kinase 3, and Its Orthologues OsCPK1, OsCPK15, and AcCPK16, Are Involved in Biotic and Abiotic Stresses |
| title_full | Arabidopsis Calcium Dependent Protein Kinase 3, and Its Orthologues OsCPK1, OsCPK15, and AcCPK16, Are Involved in Biotic and Abiotic Stresses |
| title_fullStr | Arabidopsis Calcium Dependent Protein Kinase 3, and Its Orthologues OsCPK1, OsCPK15, and AcCPK16, Are Involved in Biotic and Abiotic Stresses |
| title_full_unstemmed | Arabidopsis Calcium Dependent Protein Kinase 3, and Its Orthologues OsCPK1, OsCPK15, and AcCPK16, Are Involved in Biotic and Abiotic Stresses |
| title_short | Arabidopsis Calcium Dependent Protein Kinase 3, and Its Orthologues OsCPK1, OsCPK15, and AcCPK16, Are Involved in Biotic and Abiotic Stresses |
| title_sort | arabidopsis calcium dependent protein kinase 3 and its orthologues oscpk1 oscpk15 and accpk16 are involved in biotic and abiotic stresses |
| topic | calcium-dependent protein kinase <i>AtCPK3</i> <i>OsCPK1</i> drought response pathogen response |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2223-7747/14/2/294 |
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