Characteristics of multiple transpolar arcs motion and its corresponding magnetospheric dynamic process

Multiple Transpolar arcs (MTPAs) are distinct auroral phenomenon occurring in the high-latitude ionosphere under prolonged northward interplanetary magnetic field (IMF) conditions. While the evolution of MTPAs is thought to be mainly modulated by the IMF By, the underlying physical mechanisms drivin...

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Main Authors: Yan-Ju Sun, Qing-He Zhang, Zan-Yang Xing, Xiang-Yu Wang, Duan Zhang, Bin-Bin Tang, Sheng Lu, Yu-Zhang Ma, Yong Wang, Zhi-Feng Xiu, Xin-Ming Chen, Tong Xu, Shu-Ji Sun, Jin Wang, V. Manu
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Frontiers Media S.A. 2025-06-01
Series:Frontiers in Astronomy and Space Sciences
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Online Access:https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fspas.2025.1589264/full
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author Yan-Ju Sun
Yan-Ju Sun
Qing-He Zhang
Qing-He Zhang
Zan-Yang Xing
Xiang-Yu Wang
Duan Zhang
Bin-Bin Tang
Sheng Lu
Yu-Zhang Ma
Yong Wang
Zhi-Feng Xiu
Xin-Ming Chen
Tong Xu
Shu-Ji Sun
Jin Wang
V. Manu
author_facet Yan-Ju Sun
Yan-Ju Sun
Qing-He Zhang
Qing-He Zhang
Zan-Yang Xing
Xiang-Yu Wang
Duan Zhang
Bin-Bin Tang
Sheng Lu
Yu-Zhang Ma
Yong Wang
Zhi-Feng Xiu
Xin-Ming Chen
Tong Xu
Shu-Ji Sun
Jin Wang
V. Manu
author_sort Yan-Ju Sun
collection DOAJ
description Multiple Transpolar arcs (MTPAs) are distinct auroral phenomenon occurring in the high-latitude ionosphere under prolonged northward interplanetary magnetic field (IMF) conditions. While the evolution of MTPAs is thought to be mainly modulated by the IMF By, the underlying physical mechanisms driving their dynamics remain insufficiently understood. This study integrates space-based and ground-based observations, and magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) simulations to investigate the evolution and characteristics of MTPAs and their associated field-aligned currents (FACs). The observations results reveal that following a sudden change in the IMF By orientation from dawnward to duskward, MTPAs exhibit a pronounced motion towards the duskside, driven by the strong positive IMF By. Concurrently, flow shears are detected on both flanks of the auroral arcs. MHD simulations under similar conditions demonstrate that flow shears emerge at the low-latitude boundary layer (LLBL) of the magnetosphere, facilitating plasma trapped from the magnetosheath and central plasma sheet onto open magnetic field lines. This plasma is subsequently transported into the lobe regions, generating upward FACs that accelerate local particles and form auroral arcs migrating towards the duskside within the polar cap. These findings advance our understanding of the magnetosphere-ionosphere coupling processes under varying IMF conditions.
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publisher Frontiers Media S.A.
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spelling doaj-art-85d0ce6ffbf64fcc8aaefbdb33f703ea2025-08-20T03:10:03ZengFrontiers Media S.A.Frontiers in Astronomy and Space Sciences2296-987X2025-06-011210.3389/fspas.2025.15892641589264Characteristics of multiple transpolar arcs motion and its corresponding magnetospheric dynamic processYan-Ju Sun0Yan-Ju Sun1Qing-He Zhang2Qing-He Zhang3Zan-Yang Xing4Xiang-Yu Wang5Duan Zhang6Bin-Bin Tang7Sheng Lu8Yu-Zhang Ma9Yong Wang10Zhi-Feng Xiu11Xin-Ming Chen12Tong Xu13Shu-Ji Sun14Jin Wang15V. Manu16Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Optical Astronomy and Solar-Terrestrial Environment, Institute of Space Sciences, Shandong University, Weihai, ChinaState Key Laboratory of Space Weather, National Space Science Center, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, ChinaShandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Optical Astronomy and Solar-Terrestrial Environment, Institute of Space Sciences, Shandong University, Weihai, ChinaState Key Laboratory of Space Weather, National Space Science Center, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, ChinaShandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Optical Astronomy and Solar-Terrestrial Environment, Institute of Space Sciences, Shandong University, Weihai, ChinaShandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Optical Astronomy and Solar-Terrestrial Environment, Institute of Space Sciences, Shandong University, Weihai, ChinaState Key Laboratory of Space Weather, National Space Science Center, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, ChinaState Key Laboratory of Space Weather, National Space Science Center, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, ChinaShandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Optical Astronomy and Solar-Terrestrial Environment, Institute of Space Sciences, Shandong University, Weihai, ChinaShandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Optical Astronomy and Solar-Terrestrial Environment, Institute of Space Sciences, Shandong University, Weihai, ChinaShandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Optical Astronomy and Solar-Terrestrial Environment, Institute of Space Sciences, Shandong University, Weihai, ChinaShandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Optical Astronomy and Solar-Terrestrial Environment, Institute of Space Sciences, Shandong University, Weihai, ChinaShandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Optical Astronomy and Solar-Terrestrial Environment, Institute of Space Sciences, Shandong University, Weihai, ChinaChina Research Institute of Radiowave Propagation, Qingdao, ChinaChina Research Institute of Radiowave Propagation, Qingdao, ChinaState Key Laboratory of Space Weather, National Space Science Center, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, ChinaState Key Laboratory of Space Weather, National Space Science Center, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, ChinaMultiple Transpolar arcs (MTPAs) are distinct auroral phenomenon occurring in the high-latitude ionosphere under prolonged northward interplanetary magnetic field (IMF) conditions. While the evolution of MTPAs is thought to be mainly modulated by the IMF By, the underlying physical mechanisms driving their dynamics remain insufficiently understood. This study integrates space-based and ground-based observations, and magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) simulations to investigate the evolution and characteristics of MTPAs and their associated field-aligned currents (FACs). The observations results reveal that following a sudden change in the IMF By orientation from dawnward to duskward, MTPAs exhibit a pronounced motion towards the duskside, driven by the strong positive IMF By. Concurrently, flow shears are detected on both flanks of the auroral arcs. MHD simulations under similar conditions demonstrate that flow shears emerge at the low-latitude boundary layer (LLBL) of the magnetosphere, facilitating plasma trapped from the magnetosheath and central plasma sheet onto open magnetic field lines. This plasma is subsequently transported into the lobe regions, generating upward FACs that accelerate local particles and form auroral arcs migrating towards the duskside within the polar cap. These findings advance our understanding of the magnetosphere-ionosphere coupling processes under varying IMF conditions.https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fspas.2025.1589264/fullaurorasolar-terrestrial interactionmagnetospherepolar ionospheremultiple transpolar arcs
spellingShingle Yan-Ju Sun
Yan-Ju Sun
Qing-He Zhang
Qing-He Zhang
Zan-Yang Xing
Xiang-Yu Wang
Duan Zhang
Bin-Bin Tang
Sheng Lu
Yu-Zhang Ma
Yong Wang
Zhi-Feng Xiu
Xin-Ming Chen
Tong Xu
Shu-Ji Sun
Jin Wang
V. Manu
Characteristics of multiple transpolar arcs motion and its corresponding magnetospheric dynamic process
Frontiers in Astronomy and Space Sciences
aurora
solar-terrestrial interaction
magnetosphere
polar ionosphere
multiple transpolar arcs
title Characteristics of multiple transpolar arcs motion and its corresponding magnetospheric dynamic process
title_full Characteristics of multiple transpolar arcs motion and its corresponding magnetospheric dynamic process
title_fullStr Characteristics of multiple transpolar arcs motion and its corresponding magnetospheric dynamic process
title_full_unstemmed Characteristics of multiple transpolar arcs motion and its corresponding magnetospheric dynamic process
title_short Characteristics of multiple transpolar arcs motion and its corresponding magnetospheric dynamic process
title_sort characteristics of multiple transpolar arcs motion and its corresponding magnetospheric dynamic process
topic aurora
solar-terrestrial interaction
magnetosphere
polar ionosphere
multiple transpolar arcs
url https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fspas.2025.1589264/full
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