Effects of the Backbone’s Structures on the Curing Behaviors and Properties of Phthalonitrile Containing Benzoxazine Rings
Phthalonitrile-based resins and benzoxazine play important roles in the field of advanced materials because of their excellent properties. In order to understand the effect of the backbone’s structure on the curing kinetics and properties of the multifunctional resin matrices, different kinds of pht...
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MDPI AG
2024-11-01
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| Series: | Molecules |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/1420-3049/29/23/5637 |
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| author | Mingzhen Xu Jiaqu Zhang Bo Li Zexu Fan Lunshuai He |
| author_facet | Mingzhen Xu Jiaqu Zhang Bo Li Zexu Fan Lunshuai He |
| author_sort | Mingzhen Xu |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Phthalonitrile-based resins and benzoxazine play important roles in the field of advanced materials because of their excellent properties. In order to understand the effect of the backbone’s structure on the curing kinetics and properties of the multifunctional resin matrices, different kinds of phthalonitrile containing benzoxazine with various backbone structures were designed and prepared. The curing processes and curing behaviors were investigated by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). With the assistance of the orthogonal test analysis method, the kinetic parameters, including activation energy <i>E<sub>α</sub></i>, were evaluated and calculated. Results indicated that an autocatalytic model for the curing reaction of various phthalonitrile−containing benzoxazine resins was confirmed. Nevertheless, the activation energies for reactions of benzoxazine and nitrile groups were significantly changed due to the steric hindrance derived from the backbone’s structures. The thermal stability of polymers cured at various temperatures was evaluated by TGA testing. Then, their mechanical properties were investigated and confirmed with SEM images of fracture surfaces. Also, the thermal expansion characteristics of the various polymers were investigated. Results demonstrated that this work proposed an improved matrix resin system with outstanding thermal stability and mechanical properties that broadened the foundation and ideas for subsequent research. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-85b8932d909f4a0793f4f2bb34be4d2a |
| institution | OA Journals |
| issn | 1420-3049 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2024-11-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
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| series | Molecules |
| spelling | doaj-art-85b8932d909f4a0793f4f2bb34be4d2a2025-08-20T02:38:42ZengMDPI AGMolecules1420-30492024-11-012923563710.3390/molecules29235637Effects of the Backbone’s Structures on the Curing Behaviors and Properties of Phthalonitrile Containing Benzoxazine RingsMingzhen Xu0Jiaqu Zhang1Bo Li2Zexu Fan3Lunshuai He4Yangtze Delta Region Institute (Huzhou), University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Huzhou 313001, ChinaSchool of Materials and Energy, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 610054, ChinaSchool of Materials and Energy, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 610054, ChinaSchool of Materials and Energy, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 610054, ChinaSchool of Materials and Energy, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 610054, ChinaPhthalonitrile-based resins and benzoxazine play important roles in the field of advanced materials because of their excellent properties. In order to understand the effect of the backbone’s structure on the curing kinetics and properties of the multifunctional resin matrices, different kinds of phthalonitrile containing benzoxazine with various backbone structures were designed and prepared. The curing processes and curing behaviors were investigated by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). With the assistance of the orthogonal test analysis method, the kinetic parameters, including activation energy <i>E<sub>α</sub></i>, were evaluated and calculated. Results indicated that an autocatalytic model for the curing reaction of various phthalonitrile−containing benzoxazine resins was confirmed. Nevertheless, the activation energies for reactions of benzoxazine and nitrile groups were significantly changed due to the steric hindrance derived from the backbone’s structures. The thermal stability of polymers cured at various temperatures was evaluated by TGA testing. Then, their mechanical properties were investigated and confirmed with SEM images of fracture surfaces. Also, the thermal expansion characteristics of the various polymers were investigated. Results demonstrated that this work proposed an improved matrix resin system with outstanding thermal stability and mechanical properties that broadened the foundation and ideas for subsequent research.https://www.mdpi.com/1420-3049/29/23/5637phthalonitrilecuring behaviorsthermal stabilitymechanical properties |
| spellingShingle | Mingzhen Xu Jiaqu Zhang Bo Li Zexu Fan Lunshuai He Effects of the Backbone’s Structures on the Curing Behaviors and Properties of Phthalonitrile Containing Benzoxazine Rings Molecules phthalonitrile curing behaviors thermal stability mechanical properties |
| title | Effects of the Backbone’s Structures on the Curing Behaviors and Properties of Phthalonitrile Containing Benzoxazine Rings |
| title_full | Effects of the Backbone’s Structures on the Curing Behaviors and Properties of Phthalonitrile Containing Benzoxazine Rings |
| title_fullStr | Effects of the Backbone’s Structures on the Curing Behaviors and Properties of Phthalonitrile Containing Benzoxazine Rings |
| title_full_unstemmed | Effects of the Backbone’s Structures on the Curing Behaviors and Properties of Phthalonitrile Containing Benzoxazine Rings |
| title_short | Effects of the Backbone’s Structures on the Curing Behaviors and Properties of Phthalonitrile Containing Benzoxazine Rings |
| title_sort | effects of the backbone s structures on the curing behaviors and properties of phthalonitrile containing benzoxazine rings |
| topic | phthalonitrile curing behaviors thermal stability mechanical properties |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/1420-3049/29/23/5637 |
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