Incidence of ophthalmic manifestations in congenital cytomegalovirus (CMV)

Abstract Background Congenital cytomegalovirus (CMV) infections are associated with eye manifestations, especially in patients with systemic disease. However, there are no ophthalmic screening guidelines for infants with congenital CMV. Methods Retrospective review of pediatric patients (< 18 yea...

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Main Authors: Jennifer L. Rossen, Abdelhamid Hindi, Safa Rahmani, Brenda L. Bohnsack
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: BMC 2025-01-01
Series:BMC Ophthalmology
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Online Access:https://doi.org/10.1186/s12886-024-03792-0
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author Jennifer L. Rossen
Abdelhamid Hindi
Safa Rahmani
Brenda L. Bohnsack
author_facet Jennifer L. Rossen
Abdelhamid Hindi
Safa Rahmani
Brenda L. Bohnsack
author_sort Jennifer L. Rossen
collection DOAJ
description Abstract Background Congenital cytomegalovirus (CMV) infections are associated with eye manifestations, especially in patients with systemic disease. However, there are no ophthalmic screening guidelines for infants with congenital CMV. Methods Retrospective review of pediatric patients (< 18 years old, 2010–2023) with a diagnosis of congenital CMV and at least 1 eye examination. Gestational age at birth, systemic findings, and ophthalmic findings at initial and final eye examinations were collected. Results Seventy-two patients (47% male) with congenital CMV underwent initial eye examination at 2.1 ± 2.9 years of age (median 0.3 years). Thirty-one patients (43%) only had one eye examination while 41 patients had follow-up (1 month-19 years). Fifty-two patients (72%) had systemic findings, most commonly hearing loss (50%), neurologic abnormalities (39%), and developmental delay (38%). Patients born < 36 weeks gestation (n = 15) had a higher rate of systemic findings, neurologic abnormalities, developmental delay, and intrauterine growth restriction compared to full-term patients. Twenty-four (33%) patients had ocular findings and all also had systemic manifestations. Strabismus (26%) and optic nerve abnormalities (17%) were most common. Only 2 patients (3%) were diagnosed with retinitis, which was detected at initial examination. Conclusions One-third of patients with congenital CMV had ocular findings in conjunction with systemic manifestations. Retinitis was rare and detected on initial eye examination. While initial screening for retinitis is important, patients with systemic sequelae of congenital CMV are at risk for other eye manifestations and require continued follow-up.
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spelling doaj-art-85a2ccc3acf84fdabb6df35e6d452f582025-01-26T12:21:08ZengBMCBMC Ophthalmology1471-24152025-01-012511710.1186/s12886-024-03792-0Incidence of ophthalmic manifestations in congenital cytomegalovirus (CMV)Jennifer L. Rossen0Abdelhamid Hindi1Safa Rahmani2Brenda L. Bohnsack3Division of Ophthalmology, Ann & Robert H. Lurie Children’s Hospital of ChicagoDivision of Ophthalmology, Ann & Robert H. Lurie Children’s Hospital of ChicagoDivision of Ophthalmology, Ann & Robert H. Lurie Children’s Hospital of ChicagoDivision of Ophthalmology, Ann & Robert H. Lurie Children’s Hospital of ChicagoAbstract Background Congenital cytomegalovirus (CMV) infections are associated with eye manifestations, especially in patients with systemic disease. However, there are no ophthalmic screening guidelines for infants with congenital CMV. Methods Retrospective review of pediatric patients (< 18 years old, 2010–2023) with a diagnosis of congenital CMV and at least 1 eye examination. Gestational age at birth, systemic findings, and ophthalmic findings at initial and final eye examinations were collected. Results Seventy-two patients (47% male) with congenital CMV underwent initial eye examination at 2.1 ± 2.9 years of age (median 0.3 years). Thirty-one patients (43%) only had one eye examination while 41 patients had follow-up (1 month-19 years). Fifty-two patients (72%) had systemic findings, most commonly hearing loss (50%), neurologic abnormalities (39%), and developmental delay (38%). Patients born < 36 weeks gestation (n = 15) had a higher rate of systemic findings, neurologic abnormalities, developmental delay, and intrauterine growth restriction compared to full-term patients. Twenty-four (33%) patients had ocular findings and all also had systemic manifestations. Strabismus (26%) and optic nerve abnormalities (17%) were most common. Only 2 patients (3%) were diagnosed with retinitis, which was detected at initial examination. Conclusions One-third of patients with congenital CMV had ocular findings in conjunction with systemic manifestations. Retinitis was rare and detected on initial eye examination. While initial screening for retinitis is important, patients with systemic sequelae of congenital CMV are at risk for other eye manifestations and require continued follow-up.https://doi.org/10.1186/s12886-024-03792-0Congenital cytomegalovirus (CMV)RetinitisScreening guidelines
spellingShingle Jennifer L. Rossen
Abdelhamid Hindi
Safa Rahmani
Brenda L. Bohnsack
Incidence of ophthalmic manifestations in congenital cytomegalovirus (CMV)
BMC Ophthalmology
Congenital cytomegalovirus (CMV)
Retinitis
Screening guidelines
title Incidence of ophthalmic manifestations in congenital cytomegalovirus (CMV)
title_full Incidence of ophthalmic manifestations in congenital cytomegalovirus (CMV)
title_fullStr Incidence of ophthalmic manifestations in congenital cytomegalovirus (CMV)
title_full_unstemmed Incidence of ophthalmic manifestations in congenital cytomegalovirus (CMV)
title_short Incidence of ophthalmic manifestations in congenital cytomegalovirus (CMV)
title_sort incidence of ophthalmic manifestations in congenital cytomegalovirus cmv
topic Congenital cytomegalovirus (CMV)
Retinitis
Screening guidelines
url https://doi.org/10.1186/s12886-024-03792-0
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