The Residual Copper and Zinc in Tropical Soil over 21 Years after Amendment with Heavy Metal Containing Waste, Lime, and Compost
This research aimed to evaluate the residual Cu and Zn in tropical soil over 21 years after amendment with industrial waste, lime, and compost. Soil samples were collected from a well-maintained experimental field amended one time with industrial waste high in Cu and Zn set in 1998 at about 1.5–20 y...
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| Main Authors: | , , , , , , , , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Wiley
2021-01-01
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| Series: | Applied and Environmental Soil Science |
| Online Access: | http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2021/7596840 |
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| author | Abdul Kadir Salam Asri Foresta Pakpahan Galih Susilowati Niko Fernando Nanik Sriyani Sarno Sarno Hery Novpriansyah Sri Yusnaini Dermiyati Dermiyati |
| author_facet | Abdul Kadir Salam Asri Foresta Pakpahan Galih Susilowati Niko Fernando Nanik Sriyani Sarno Sarno Hery Novpriansyah Sri Yusnaini Dermiyati Dermiyati |
| author_sort | Abdul Kadir Salam |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | This research aimed to evaluate the residual Cu and Zn in tropical soil over 21 years after amendment with industrial waste, lime, and compost. Soil samples were collected from a well-maintained experimental field amended one time with industrial waste high in Cu and Zn set in 1998 at about 1.5–20 years after amendment. Treatments were arranged in a randomized block design with a metal-wares industrial waste at rates 0, 15, and 60 Mg·ha−1, lime at 0 and 5 Mg·ha−1, and compost at 0 and 5 Mg·ha−1. Soil samples were also taken vertically in the exact plot centers at depths of 0–75 cm of plots not amended with lime and compost and also from topsoils (0–15 cm) at 90 points with distances 50 cm between each other in each of the respective plots 21 years after amendment. Significant increases in Cu and Zn caused by waste were observed over 21 years. The increase in soil pH by lime was observed over 10 years but its effect in decreasing Cu and Zn was observed only at 1.5 years, particularly in topsoils. However, the effect of lime in lowering Cu and Zn was observed over 20 years when waste and/or compost were also given. Similarly, the effect of compost was absent over 20 years but significant when waste and/or lime were also given. The relative concentration of Cu and Zn in the 60 Mg waste ha−1 plots decreased over 20 years to 17–53% for Cu and to 12–33% for Zn; their concentrations were, in general, lower with lime and/or compost addition. The relative concentrations of Cu and Zn significantly decreased over 21 years in plots with 15 or 60 Mg·ha−1 and increased in the control plots. Heavy metals moved in soil significantly through soil tillage and erosion and partially by leaching. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-8597173bf6284c4e84d1cf9d3c82fb50 |
| institution | Kabale University |
| issn | 1687-7675 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2021-01-01 |
| publisher | Wiley |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Applied and Environmental Soil Science |
| spelling | doaj-art-8597173bf6284c4e84d1cf9d3c82fb502025-02-03T06:06:32ZengWileyApplied and Environmental Soil Science1687-76752021-01-01202110.1155/2021/7596840The Residual Copper and Zinc in Tropical Soil over 21 Years after Amendment with Heavy Metal Containing Waste, Lime, and CompostAbdul Kadir Salam0Asri Foresta Pakpahan1Galih Susilowati2Niko Fernando3Nanik Sriyani4Sarno Sarno5Hery Novpriansyah6Sri Yusnaini7Dermiyati Dermiyati8Department of Soil ScienceDepartment of Soil ScienceDepartment of Soil ScienceDepartment of Soil ScienceDepartment of Agronomy and HorticultureDepartment of Soil ScienceDepartment of Soil ScienceDepartment of Soil ScienceDepartment of Soil ScienceThis research aimed to evaluate the residual Cu and Zn in tropical soil over 21 years after amendment with industrial waste, lime, and compost. Soil samples were collected from a well-maintained experimental field amended one time with industrial waste high in Cu and Zn set in 1998 at about 1.5–20 years after amendment. Treatments were arranged in a randomized block design with a metal-wares industrial waste at rates 0, 15, and 60 Mg·ha−1, lime at 0 and 5 Mg·ha−1, and compost at 0 and 5 Mg·ha−1. Soil samples were also taken vertically in the exact plot centers at depths of 0–75 cm of plots not amended with lime and compost and also from topsoils (0–15 cm) at 90 points with distances 50 cm between each other in each of the respective plots 21 years after amendment. Significant increases in Cu and Zn caused by waste were observed over 21 years. The increase in soil pH by lime was observed over 10 years but its effect in decreasing Cu and Zn was observed only at 1.5 years, particularly in topsoils. However, the effect of lime in lowering Cu and Zn was observed over 20 years when waste and/or compost were also given. Similarly, the effect of compost was absent over 20 years but significant when waste and/or lime were also given. The relative concentration of Cu and Zn in the 60 Mg waste ha−1 plots decreased over 20 years to 17–53% for Cu and to 12–33% for Zn; their concentrations were, in general, lower with lime and/or compost addition. The relative concentrations of Cu and Zn significantly decreased over 21 years in plots with 15 or 60 Mg·ha−1 and increased in the control plots. Heavy metals moved in soil significantly through soil tillage and erosion and partially by leaching.http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2021/7596840 |
| spellingShingle | Abdul Kadir Salam Asri Foresta Pakpahan Galih Susilowati Niko Fernando Nanik Sriyani Sarno Sarno Hery Novpriansyah Sri Yusnaini Dermiyati Dermiyati The Residual Copper and Zinc in Tropical Soil over 21 Years after Amendment with Heavy Metal Containing Waste, Lime, and Compost Applied and Environmental Soil Science |
| title | The Residual Copper and Zinc in Tropical Soil over 21 Years after Amendment with Heavy Metal Containing Waste, Lime, and Compost |
| title_full | The Residual Copper and Zinc in Tropical Soil over 21 Years after Amendment with Heavy Metal Containing Waste, Lime, and Compost |
| title_fullStr | The Residual Copper and Zinc in Tropical Soil over 21 Years after Amendment with Heavy Metal Containing Waste, Lime, and Compost |
| title_full_unstemmed | The Residual Copper and Zinc in Tropical Soil over 21 Years after Amendment with Heavy Metal Containing Waste, Lime, and Compost |
| title_short | The Residual Copper and Zinc in Tropical Soil over 21 Years after Amendment with Heavy Metal Containing Waste, Lime, and Compost |
| title_sort | residual copper and zinc in tropical soil over 21 years after amendment with heavy metal containing waste lime and compost |
| url | http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2021/7596840 |
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