Digital Image Analysis of Vertebral Body S1 and Its Ossification Center in the Human Fetus
Objectives: The aim of the present study was to examine the growth dynamics of the first sacral vertebra and its ossification center in the human fetus, based on their linear, planar, and volumetric parameters. Methods: The examinations were carried out on 54 human fetuses of both sexes (26 males an...
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2025-01-01
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| author | Magdalena Grzonkowska Katarzyna Bogacz Andrzej Żytkowski Monika Szkultecka-Dębek Michał Kułakowski Michał Janiak Agnieszka Rogalska Mariusz Baumgart |
| author_facet | Magdalena Grzonkowska Katarzyna Bogacz Andrzej Żytkowski Monika Szkultecka-Dębek Michał Kułakowski Michał Janiak Agnieszka Rogalska Mariusz Baumgart |
| author_sort | Magdalena Grzonkowska |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Objectives: The aim of the present study was to examine the growth dynamics of the first sacral vertebra and its ossification center in the human fetus, based on their linear, planar, and volumetric parameters. Methods: The examinations were carried out on 54 human fetuses of both sexes (26 males and 28 females) aged 18–30 weeks of gestation, which had been preserved in 10% neutral formalin solution. Using CT, digital image analysis software, 3D reconstruction, and statistical methods, the size of the first sacral vertebra and its ossification center was evaluated. Results: The first sacral vertebra and its ossification center grew proportionately according to fetal weeks. Conclusions: The numerical data obtained from computed tomography and the growth patterns of the body of the first sacral vertebra and its ossification center may serve as age-specific normative intervals relevant for gynecologists, obstetricians, pediatricians, and radiologists during fetal ultrasound screening. Our findings on the growth of the body of the first sacral vertebra and its ossification center may be useful in daily clinical practice, particularly in ultrasonic monitoring of normal fetal growth and in screening for congenital defects and skeletal dysplasias. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-85854e6a0b23404d8513d2cd1932ea3b |
| institution | Kabale University |
| issn | 2076-3425 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-01-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
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| series | Brain Sciences |
| spelling | doaj-art-85854e6a0b23404d8513d2cd1932ea3b2025-01-24T13:25:53ZengMDPI AGBrain Sciences2076-34252025-01-011517410.3390/brainsci15010074Digital Image Analysis of Vertebral Body S1 and Its Ossification Center in the Human FetusMagdalena Grzonkowska0Katarzyna Bogacz1Andrzej Żytkowski2Monika Szkultecka-Dębek3Michał Kułakowski4Michał Janiak5Agnieszka Rogalska6Mariusz Baumgart7Department of Normal Anatomy, The Ludwik Rydygier Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, The Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń, 87-100 Toruń, PolandPhysiotherapy Department, Faculty of Physical Education and Physiotherapy, Opole University of Technology, 45-758 Opole, PolandDepartment of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, University of Social Sciences in Lodz, 90-113 Lodz, PolandFaculty of Medicine, University of Social Sciences in Lodz, 90-113 Lodz, PolandClinical Department of Orthopedics and Traumatology, Jan Biziel University Hospital nr 2 in Bydgoszcz, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń, 87-100 Toruń, PolandClinical Department of Orthopedics and Traumatology, Jan Biziel University Hospital nr 2 in Bydgoszcz, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń, 87-100 Toruń, PolandClinical Department of Orthopedics and Traumatology, Jan Biziel University Hospital nr 2 in Bydgoszcz, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń, 87-100 Toruń, PolandDepartment of Normal Anatomy, The Ludwik Rydygier Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, The Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń, 87-100 Toruń, PolandObjectives: The aim of the present study was to examine the growth dynamics of the first sacral vertebra and its ossification center in the human fetus, based on their linear, planar, and volumetric parameters. Methods: The examinations were carried out on 54 human fetuses of both sexes (26 males and 28 females) aged 18–30 weeks of gestation, which had been preserved in 10% neutral formalin solution. Using CT, digital image analysis software, 3D reconstruction, and statistical methods, the size of the first sacral vertebra and its ossification center was evaluated. Results: The first sacral vertebra and its ossification center grew proportionately according to fetal weeks. Conclusions: The numerical data obtained from computed tomography and the growth patterns of the body of the first sacral vertebra and its ossification center may serve as age-specific normative intervals relevant for gynecologists, obstetricians, pediatricians, and radiologists during fetal ultrasound screening. Our findings on the growth of the body of the first sacral vertebra and its ossification center may be useful in daily clinical practice, particularly in ultrasonic monitoring of normal fetal growth and in screening for congenital defects and skeletal dysplasias.https://www.mdpi.com/2076-3425/15/1/74fetusossification centervertebral body |
| spellingShingle | Magdalena Grzonkowska Katarzyna Bogacz Andrzej Żytkowski Monika Szkultecka-Dębek Michał Kułakowski Michał Janiak Agnieszka Rogalska Mariusz Baumgart Digital Image Analysis of Vertebral Body S1 and Its Ossification Center in the Human Fetus Brain Sciences fetus ossification center vertebral body |
| title | Digital Image Analysis of Vertebral Body S1 and Its Ossification Center in the Human Fetus |
| title_full | Digital Image Analysis of Vertebral Body S1 and Its Ossification Center in the Human Fetus |
| title_fullStr | Digital Image Analysis of Vertebral Body S1 and Its Ossification Center in the Human Fetus |
| title_full_unstemmed | Digital Image Analysis of Vertebral Body S1 and Its Ossification Center in the Human Fetus |
| title_short | Digital Image Analysis of Vertebral Body S1 and Its Ossification Center in the Human Fetus |
| title_sort | digital image analysis of vertebral body s1 and its ossification center in the human fetus |
| topic | fetus ossification center vertebral body |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2076-3425/15/1/74 |
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