Neuroinflammation in Autism: Plausible Role of Maternal Inflammation, Dietary Omega 3, and Microbiota
Several genetic causes of autism spectrum disorder (ASD) have been identified. However, more recent work has highlighted that certain environmental exposures early in life may also account for some cases of autism. Environmental insults during pregnancy, such as infection or malnutrition, seem to dr...
Saved in:
| Main Authors: | , , , , , , |
|---|---|
| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
Wiley
2016-01-01
|
| Series: | Neural Plasticity |
| Online Access: | http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2016/3597209 |
| Tags: |
Add Tag
No Tags, Be the first to tag this record!
|
| _version_ | 1832553479834435584 |
|---|---|
| author | Charlotte Madore Quentin Leyrolle Chloé Lacabanne Anouk Benmamar-Badel Corinne Joffre Agnes Nadjar Sophie Layé |
| author_facet | Charlotte Madore Quentin Leyrolle Chloé Lacabanne Anouk Benmamar-Badel Corinne Joffre Agnes Nadjar Sophie Layé |
| author_sort | Charlotte Madore |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Several genetic causes of autism spectrum disorder (ASD) have been identified. However, more recent work has highlighted that certain environmental exposures early in life may also account for some cases of autism. Environmental insults during pregnancy, such as infection or malnutrition, seem to dramatically impact brain development. Maternal viral or bacterial infections have been characterized as disruptors of brain shaping, even if their underlying mechanisms are not yet fully understood. Poor nutritional diversity, as well as nutrient deficiency, is strongly associated with neurodevelopmental disorders in children. For instance, imbalanced levels of essential fatty acids, and especially polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs), are observed in patients with ASD and other neurodevelopmental disorders (e.g., attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and schizophrenia). Interestingly, PUFAs, and specifically n-3 PUFAs, are powerful immunomodulators that exert anti-inflammatory properties. These prenatal dietary and immunologic factors not only impact the fetal brain, but also affect the microbiota. Recent work suggests that the microbiota could be the missing link between environmental insults in prenatal life and future neurodevelopmental disorders. As both nutrition and inflammation can massively affect the microbiota, we discuss here how understanding the crosstalk between these three actors could provide a promising framework to better elucidate ASD etiology. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-8520698bf6384488a698f9f3f041b1a6 |
| institution | Kabale University |
| issn | 2090-5904 1687-5443 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2016-01-01 |
| publisher | Wiley |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Neural Plasticity |
| spelling | doaj-art-8520698bf6384488a698f9f3f041b1a62025-02-03T05:53:56ZengWileyNeural Plasticity2090-59041687-54432016-01-01201610.1155/2016/35972093597209Neuroinflammation in Autism: Plausible Role of Maternal Inflammation, Dietary Omega 3, and MicrobiotaCharlotte Madore0Quentin Leyrolle1Chloé Lacabanne2Anouk Benmamar-Badel3Corinne Joffre4Agnes Nadjar5Sophie Layé6Ann Romney Center for Neurologic Diseases, Department of Neurology, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USANutrition et Neurobiologie Intégrée, UMR 1286, INRA, 33000 Bordeaux, FranceNutrition et Neurobiologie Intégrée, UMR 1286, INRA, 33000 Bordeaux, FranceNutrition et Neurobiologie Intégrée, UMR 1286, INRA, 33000 Bordeaux, FranceNutrition et Neurobiologie Intégrée, UMR 1286, INRA, 33000 Bordeaux, FranceNutrition et Neurobiologie Intégrée, UMR 1286, INRA, 33000 Bordeaux, FranceNutrition et Neurobiologie Intégrée, UMR 1286, INRA, 33000 Bordeaux, FranceSeveral genetic causes of autism spectrum disorder (ASD) have been identified. However, more recent work has highlighted that certain environmental exposures early in life may also account for some cases of autism. Environmental insults during pregnancy, such as infection or malnutrition, seem to dramatically impact brain development. Maternal viral or bacterial infections have been characterized as disruptors of brain shaping, even if their underlying mechanisms are not yet fully understood. Poor nutritional diversity, as well as nutrient deficiency, is strongly associated with neurodevelopmental disorders in children. For instance, imbalanced levels of essential fatty acids, and especially polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs), are observed in patients with ASD and other neurodevelopmental disorders (e.g., attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and schizophrenia). Interestingly, PUFAs, and specifically n-3 PUFAs, are powerful immunomodulators that exert anti-inflammatory properties. These prenatal dietary and immunologic factors not only impact the fetal brain, but also affect the microbiota. Recent work suggests that the microbiota could be the missing link between environmental insults in prenatal life and future neurodevelopmental disorders. As both nutrition and inflammation can massively affect the microbiota, we discuss here how understanding the crosstalk between these three actors could provide a promising framework to better elucidate ASD etiology.http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2016/3597209 |
| spellingShingle | Charlotte Madore Quentin Leyrolle Chloé Lacabanne Anouk Benmamar-Badel Corinne Joffre Agnes Nadjar Sophie Layé Neuroinflammation in Autism: Plausible Role of Maternal Inflammation, Dietary Omega 3, and Microbiota Neural Plasticity |
| title | Neuroinflammation in Autism: Plausible Role of Maternal Inflammation, Dietary Omega 3, and Microbiota |
| title_full | Neuroinflammation in Autism: Plausible Role of Maternal Inflammation, Dietary Omega 3, and Microbiota |
| title_fullStr | Neuroinflammation in Autism: Plausible Role of Maternal Inflammation, Dietary Omega 3, and Microbiota |
| title_full_unstemmed | Neuroinflammation in Autism: Plausible Role of Maternal Inflammation, Dietary Omega 3, and Microbiota |
| title_short | Neuroinflammation in Autism: Plausible Role of Maternal Inflammation, Dietary Omega 3, and Microbiota |
| title_sort | neuroinflammation in autism plausible role of maternal inflammation dietary omega 3 and microbiota |
| url | http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2016/3597209 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT charlottemadore neuroinflammationinautismplausibleroleofmaternalinflammationdietaryomega3andmicrobiota AT quentinleyrolle neuroinflammationinautismplausibleroleofmaternalinflammationdietaryomega3andmicrobiota AT chloelacabanne neuroinflammationinautismplausibleroleofmaternalinflammationdietaryomega3andmicrobiota AT anoukbenmamarbadel neuroinflammationinautismplausibleroleofmaternalinflammationdietaryomega3andmicrobiota AT corinnejoffre neuroinflammationinautismplausibleroleofmaternalinflammationdietaryomega3andmicrobiota AT agnesnadjar neuroinflammationinautismplausibleroleofmaternalinflammationdietaryomega3andmicrobiota AT sophielaye neuroinflammationinautismplausibleroleofmaternalinflammationdietaryomega3andmicrobiota |