Mosquito larval habitats, meteorological factors, and alternatives for vector control in Makkah Al–Mukarramah, the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
Objective: To characterize mosquito larval habitats and the influence of meteorological factors on their prevalence, and to suggest alternatives for vector control in Makkah Al-Mukarramah. Methods: A mosquito survey was conducted within the 16 municipalities of Makkah Al-Mukarramah, from November 20...
Saved in:
| Main Authors: | , , , |
|---|---|
| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
Wolters Kluwer Medknow Publications
2025-01-01
|
| Series: | Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical Medicine |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://journals.lww.com/10.4103/apjtm.apjtm_484_24 |
| Tags: |
Add Tag
No Tags, Be the first to tag this record!
|
| _version_ | 1832087766840639488 |
|---|---|
| author | Haitham Badrawy Khalid Hassan Osman Ahmed Rami Al-Sharif |
| author_facet | Haitham Badrawy Khalid Hassan Osman Ahmed Rami Al-Sharif |
| author_sort | Haitham Badrawy |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Objective:
To characterize mosquito larval habitats and the influence of meteorological factors on their prevalence, and to suggest alternatives for vector control in Makkah Al-Mukarramah.
Methods:
A mosquito survey was conducted within the 16 municipalities of Makkah Al-Mukarramah, from November 2022 to October 2023. The characteristics of larval habitats used by all reported species as oviposition sites were determined. Seasonal house, container, and breteau indices were used to determine larval abundance.
Results:
16 Species belonging to five genera [Aedes (3 spp.), Anopheles (3 spp.), Culex (8 spp.), Culiseta (1 sp.), and Lutzia (1 sp.)] were collected. A total of 185 608 potential mosquito larval habitats were surveyed. Of these, 95 853 (67.4%) were Aedes, 45 522 (32%) were Culex, 718 (0.5%) were Anopheles, and 38 (0.03%) were other species; 154 726 (83.4%) were water sources for mosquito larvae, and among these sources, 7 663 (5.0%) were positive for larvae, with 45.9% indoors and 54.1% outdoors. Most of the positive larval habitats were recorded in Al-Shawqiya (1 093, 14.3%), Al-Sharayia (1 003, 13.1%) and Al-Umrah (984, 12.8%). A total of 142131 mosquito larvae and pupae were collected. The majority number of positive residences for all mosquito larvae was observed in January 2023 (1 658, 21.6%).
Conclusions:
New appropriate alternatives for vector control are proposed, such as mechanical, biological, and environmental control. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-84dde1a033a94480aeb70372345859c2 |
| institution | Kabale University |
| issn | 2352-4146 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-01-01 |
| publisher | Wolters Kluwer Medknow Publications |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical Medicine |
| spelling | doaj-art-84dde1a033a94480aeb70372345859c22025-02-06T04:59:52ZengWolters Kluwer Medknow PublicationsAsian Pacific Journal of Tropical Medicine2352-41462025-01-01181183210.4103/apjtm.apjtm_484_24Mosquito larval habitats, meteorological factors, and alternatives for vector control in Makkah Al–Mukarramah, the Kingdom of Saudi ArabiaHaitham BadrawyKhalid HassanOsman AhmedRami Al-SharifObjective: To characterize mosquito larval habitats and the influence of meteorological factors on their prevalence, and to suggest alternatives for vector control in Makkah Al-Mukarramah. Methods: A mosquito survey was conducted within the 16 municipalities of Makkah Al-Mukarramah, from November 2022 to October 2023. The characteristics of larval habitats used by all reported species as oviposition sites were determined. Seasonal house, container, and breteau indices were used to determine larval abundance. Results: 16 Species belonging to five genera [Aedes (3 spp.), Anopheles (3 spp.), Culex (8 spp.), Culiseta (1 sp.), and Lutzia (1 sp.)] were collected. A total of 185 608 potential mosquito larval habitats were surveyed. Of these, 95 853 (67.4%) were Aedes, 45 522 (32%) were Culex, 718 (0.5%) were Anopheles, and 38 (0.03%) were other species; 154 726 (83.4%) were water sources for mosquito larvae, and among these sources, 7 663 (5.0%) were positive for larvae, with 45.9% indoors and 54.1% outdoors. Most of the positive larval habitats were recorded in Al-Shawqiya (1 093, 14.3%), Al-Sharayia (1 003, 13.1%) and Al-Umrah (984, 12.8%). A total of 142131 mosquito larvae and pupae were collected. The majority number of positive residences for all mosquito larvae was observed in January 2023 (1 658, 21.6%). Conclusions: New appropriate alternatives for vector control are proposed, such as mechanical, biological, and environmental control.https://journals.lww.com/10.4103/apjtm.apjtm_484_24aedesculexdenguesurveillancefloramechanical controlenvironmental manipulationtopology |
| spellingShingle | Haitham Badrawy Khalid Hassan Osman Ahmed Rami Al-Sharif Mosquito larval habitats, meteorological factors, and alternatives for vector control in Makkah Al–Mukarramah, the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical Medicine aedes culex dengue surveillance flora mechanical control environmental manipulation topology |
| title | Mosquito larval habitats, meteorological factors, and alternatives for vector control in Makkah Al–Mukarramah, the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia |
| title_full | Mosquito larval habitats, meteorological factors, and alternatives for vector control in Makkah Al–Mukarramah, the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia |
| title_fullStr | Mosquito larval habitats, meteorological factors, and alternatives for vector control in Makkah Al–Mukarramah, the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia |
| title_full_unstemmed | Mosquito larval habitats, meteorological factors, and alternatives for vector control in Makkah Al–Mukarramah, the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia |
| title_short | Mosquito larval habitats, meteorological factors, and alternatives for vector control in Makkah Al–Mukarramah, the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia |
| title_sort | mosquito larval habitats meteorological factors and alternatives for vector control in makkah al mukarramah the kingdom of saudi arabia |
| topic | aedes culex dengue surveillance flora mechanical control environmental manipulation topology |
| url | https://journals.lww.com/10.4103/apjtm.apjtm_484_24 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT haithambadrawy mosquitolarvalhabitatsmeteorologicalfactorsandalternativesforvectorcontrolinmakkahalmukarramahthekingdomofsaudiarabia AT khalidhassan mosquitolarvalhabitatsmeteorologicalfactorsandalternativesforvectorcontrolinmakkahalmukarramahthekingdomofsaudiarabia AT osmanahmed mosquitolarvalhabitatsmeteorologicalfactorsandalternativesforvectorcontrolinmakkahalmukarramahthekingdomofsaudiarabia AT ramialsharif mosquitolarvalhabitatsmeteorologicalfactorsandalternativesforvectorcontrolinmakkahalmukarramahthekingdomofsaudiarabia |