RISK FACTORS OF OVARIAN CANCER AND POSSIBLE PREVENTIVE STRATEGIES
Here we review the current data on prevention, diagnosis, and treatment of ovarian cancer, one of the most prevalent genitourinary cancers characterized by high mortality and case fatality rates due to the lack of efficient screening and treatment approaches. Major risk factors of sporadic ovarian c...
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| Main Authors: | , , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | Russian |
| Published: |
Kemerovo State Medical University
2018-09-01
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| Series: | Фундаментальная и клиническая медицина |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://fcm.kemsmu.ru/jour/article/view/109 |
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| Summary: | Here we review the current data on prevention, diagnosis, and treatment of ovarian cancer, one of the most prevalent genitourinary cancers characterized by high mortality and case fatality rates due to the lack of efficient screening and treatment approaches. Major risk factors of sporadic ovarian cancer include early menarche, late menopause, nulliparity, infertility, endometriosis, polycystic ovary syndrome, use of hormonal contraceptives after menopause, smoking, alcohol abuse, and overweight/obesity. Hereditary ovarian cancer is primarily related to BRCA1/2 mutations and polymorphisms. Progression and outcome of ovarian cancer are largely defined by tumor stage and grade at diagnosis. Importantly, signs and symptoms of ovarian cancer are not specific, and early diagnosis frequently represents an accidental finding. Hence, ovarian cancer is mainly diagnosed at the late stage that significantly affects both overall and disease-free survival. To date, there are no evidence-based screening methods for early detection of ovarian cancer. We propose that implementation of routine genetic testing for BRCA1/2 mutations and polymorphisms in women with family history of ovarian cancer may improve early diagnosis and survival rates. |
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| ISSN: | 2500-0764 2542-0941 |