The impact of self-efficacy on psychological resilience in EFL learners: a serial mediation model

Abstract Background EFL learners often experience anxiety and emotional stress, which can hinder their academic persistence and well-being. Although previous studies have examined self-efficacy, language anxiety, and emotion regulation separately, their combined effect on psychological resilience re...

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Main Authors: Jie Xu, Ying Xu
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: BMC 2025-08-01
Series:BMC Psychology
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Online Access:https://doi.org/10.1186/s40359-025-03236-4
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author Jie Xu
Ying Xu
author_facet Jie Xu
Ying Xu
author_sort Jie Xu
collection DOAJ
description Abstract Background EFL learners often experience anxiety and emotional stress, which can hinder their academic persistence and well-being. Although previous studies have examined self-efficacy, language anxiety, and emotion regulation separately, their combined effect on psychological resilience remains underexplored. Guided by self-efficacy theory, which emphasizes the importance of individuals’ belief in their ability to cope with challenges, and emotion regulation theory, which focuses on how emotional management facilitates psychological adaptation, this study proposes a serial mediation model in which self-efficacy enhances resilience by reducing language anxiety and improving emotion regulation. Method This study used the self-efficacy scale, language anxiety scale, emotion regulation scale, and psychological resilience scale to collect 540 valid responses. Data were analyzed and processed with SPSS 26.0 software to examine the direct effect of self-efficacy on EFL learners’ psychological resilience, along with the mediating functions of language anxiety and emotion regulation. Results Self-efficacy was significantly associated with psychological resilience (β = 0.096, p < 0.001). Language anxiety mediated the relationship between self-efficacy and resilience (β = 0.122, 95% CI: [0.070, 0.185]). Emotion regulation also mediated this relationship (β = 0.067, 95% CI: [0.033, 0.106]). Both language anxiety and emotion regulation together had a serial mediating effect (β = 0.065, 95% CI: [0.038, 0.099]). Conclusion This study found that self-efficacy was positively associated with psychological resilience among EFL learners, with language anxiety and emotion regulation acting as sequential mediators. The findings offer theoretical support for understanding their psychological adaptation.
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spelling doaj-art-844e2f9fb63e43da809bbe2f3cccafbb2025-08-20T03:06:36ZengBMCBMC Psychology2050-72832025-08-0113111310.1186/s40359-025-03236-4The impact of self-efficacy on psychological resilience in EFL learners: a serial mediation modelJie Xu0Ying Xu1Department of College English Teaching and Researching, Qiqihar UniversitySchool of Humanity, Harbin Medical UniversityAbstract Background EFL learners often experience anxiety and emotional stress, which can hinder their academic persistence and well-being. Although previous studies have examined self-efficacy, language anxiety, and emotion regulation separately, their combined effect on psychological resilience remains underexplored. Guided by self-efficacy theory, which emphasizes the importance of individuals’ belief in their ability to cope with challenges, and emotion regulation theory, which focuses on how emotional management facilitates psychological adaptation, this study proposes a serial mediation model in which self-efficacy enhances resilience by reducing language anxiety and improving emotion regulation. Method This study used the self-efficacy scale, language anxiety scale, emotion regulation scale, and psychological resilience scale to collect 540 valid responses. Data were analyzed and processed with SPSS 26.0 software to examine the direct effect of self-efficacy on EFL learners’ psychological resilience, along with the mediating functions of language anxiety and emotion regulation. Results Self-efficacy was significantly associated with psychological resilience (β = 0.096, p < 0.001). Language anxiety mediated the relationship between self-efficacy and resilience (β = 0.122, 95% CI: [0.070, 0.185]). Emotion regulation also mediated this relationship (β = 0.067, 95% CI: [0.033, 0.106]). Both language anxiety and emotion regulation together had a serial mediating effect (β = 0.065, 95% CI: [0.038, 0.099]). Conclusion This study found that self-efficacy was positively associated with psychological resilience among EFL learners, with language anxiety and emotion regulation acting as sequential mediators. The findings offer theoretical support for understanding their psychological adaptation.https://doi.org/10.1186/s40359-025-03236-4EFL learnersSelf-efficacyLanguage anxietyEmotion regulationPsychological resilience
spellingShingle Jie Xu
Ying Xu
The impact of self-efficacy on psychological resilience in EFL learners: a serial mediation model
BMC Psychology
EFL learners
Self-efficacy
Language anxiety
Emotion regulation
Psychological resilience
title The impact of self-efficacy on psychological resilience in EFL learners: a serial mediation model
title_full The impact of self-efficacy on psychological resilience in EFL learners: a serial mediation model
title_fullStr The impact of self-efficacy on psychological resilience in EFL learners: a serial mediation model
title_full_unstemmed The impact of self-efficacy on psychological resilience in EFL learners: a serial mediation model
title_short The impact of self-efficacy on psychological resilience in EFL learners: a serial mediation model
title_sort impact of self efficacy on psychological resilience in efl learners a serial mediation model
topic EFL learners
Self-efficacy
Language anxiety
Emotion regulation
Psychological resilience
url https://doi.org/10.1186/s40359-025-03236-4
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