Does education level impact parental gender preferences? A comparative perspective on fathers and mothers in China

Chinese society has traditionally shown a strong preference for sons over daughters. Based on data from the China General Social Survey (2015–2021), this study employs a three-stage sampling design to systematically explore the impact of education level on parental gender preferences. There are four...

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Main Authors: Zhong Fei, Jieyu Li
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Elsevier 2025-07-01
Series:Acta Psychologica
Subjects:
Online Access:http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0001691825004238
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author Zhong Fei
Jieyu Li
author_facet Zhong Fei
Jieyu Li
author_sort Zhong Fei
collection DOAJ
description Chinese society has traditionally shown a strong preference for sons over daughters. Based on data from the China General Social Survey (2015–2021), this study employs a three-stage sampling design to systematically explore the impact of education level on parental gender preferences. There are four main findings. First, the maternal education level independently reduces the preference for sons, whereas the paternal education level's impact requires consideration of spousal education levels. Second, in educational assortative matching, the hypogamy model, dominated by highly educated women, significantly weakens fathers' preferences for sons, whereas the traditional hypergamy model strengthens gender bias. Third, education level primarily affects parental gender preferences by dismantling the logic of economic dependence rather than cultural inertia. Fourth, there were significant regional differences in the effectiveness of educational interventions on parental gender preferences. These findings fill a gap in the research on paternal roles and educational assortative matching and provide a new perspective for understanding the gender dynamics of family decision-making in China. This research advances the empirical evidence on parental gender preferences antecedents and provides empirical foundations for policies aimed at enhancing educational equity and dismantling patriarchal norms through targeted interventions.
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spelling doaj-art-8402dfd72ffd4668888ae773dce99c192025-08-20T03:45:10ZengElsevierActa Psychologica0001-69182025-07-0125710511010.1016/j.actpsy.2025.105110Does education level impact parental gender preferences? A comparative perspective on fathers and mothers in ChinaZhong Fei0Jieyu Li1School of Economics and Statistics, Zhejiang Gongshang University Hangzhou College of Commerce, Hangzhou, China; Corresponding author at: Hangzhou 310018, China.Zhejiang Gongshang University Hangzhou College of Commerce, Hangzhou, ChinaChinese society has traditionally shown a strong preference for sons over daughters. Based on data from the China General Social Survey (2015–2021), this study employs a three-stage sampling design to systematically explore the impact of education level on parental gender preferences. There are four main findings. First, the maternal education level independently reduces the preference for sons, whereas the paternal education level's impact requires consideration of spousal education levels. Second, in educational assortative matching, the hypogamy model, dominated by highly educated women, significantly weakens fathers' preferences for sons, whereas the traditional hypergamy model strengthens gender bias. Third, education level primarily affects parental gender preferences by dismantling the logic of economic dependence rather than cultural inertia. Fourth, there were significant regional differences in the effectiveness of educational interventions on parental gender preferences. These findings fill a gap in the research on paternal roles and educational assortative matching and provide a new perspective for understanding the gender dynamics of family decision-making in China. This research advances the empirical evidence on parental gender preferences antecedents and provides empirical foundations for policies aimed at enhancing educational equity and dismantling patriarchal norms through targeted interventions.http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0001691825004238Parental gender preferencesSon preferenceDaughter preferenceEducationSpouses' educationEducational assortative mating
spellingShingle Zhong Fei
Jieyu Li
Does education level impact parental gender preferences? A comparative perspective on fathers and mothers in China
Acta Psychologica
Parental gender preferences
Son preference
Daughter preference
Education
Spouses' education
Educational assortative mating
title Does education level impact parental gender preferences? A comparative perspective on fathers and mothers in China
title_full Does education level impact parental gender preferences? A comparative perspective on fathers and mothers in China
title_fullStr Does education level impact parental gender preferences? A comparative perspective on fathers and mothers in China
title_full_unstemmed Does education level impact parental gender preferences? A comparative perspective on fathers and mothers in China
title_short Does education level impact parental gender preferences? A comparative perspective on fathers and mothers in China
title_sort does education level impact parental gender preferences a comparative perspective on fathers and mothers in china
topic Parental gender preferences
Son preference
Daughter preference
Education
Spouses' education
Educational assortative mating
url http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0001691825004238
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