The relationship between cognitive function and neuropsychiatric disorders with quantitative electroencephalogram (qEEG) on long COVID syndrome patients
Background: The COVID-19 pandemic has resulted in long-term consequences for a subset of affected individuals, known as long COVID syndrome. The neurological and psychiatric effects of this condition remain incompletely understood. This study aims to evaluate heightened common mental disorders in lo...
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Elsevier
2025-03-01
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| Series: | Brain, Behavior, & Immunity - Health |
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| Online Access: | http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2666354625000122 |
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| author | Yetty Ramli Pukovisa Prawiroharjo Winnugroho Wiratman Eric Tenda Nurhadi Ibrahim Damar Susilaradeya Abdi Reza Jennifer Agatha Rejoel Siagian Hazrina Fauhan Florencia Evelyn Yoshikazu Ugawa Prasandhya Yusuf |
| author_facet | Yetty Ramli Pukovisa Prawiroharjo Winnugroho Wiratman Eric Tenda Nurhadi Ibrahim Damar Susilaradeya Abdi Reza Jennifer Agatha Rejoel Siagian Hazrina Fauhan Florencia Evelyn Yoshikazu Ugawa Prasandhya Yusuf |
| author_sort | Yetty Ramli |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Background: The COVID-19 pandemic has resulted in long-term consequences for a subset of affected individuals, known as long COVID syndrome. The neurological and psychiatric effects of this condition remain incompletely understood. This study aims to evaluate heightened common mental disorders in long COVID through assessing psychiatric, cognitive, neurophysiological aspects, and emphasizing lasting mental health impacts. Methods: This cross-sectional study compared patients with long COVID to those who had recovered from COVID-19 without residual symptoms using quantitative electroencephalogram (qEEG) analysis. We conducted qEEG analyses, and Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA) and Self-Rating Questionnaire (SRQ) tests on participants. Analyses included brain spectrum examination, hemispheric asymmetry, and inter-electrode connectivity. Results: Analyses revealed lower MoCA scores in the memory domain were lower in the long COVID group (Mann Whitney Utest), indicating that individuals with long COVID experience more substantial cognitive deficits. There is no statistical difference for spectrum examination and hemispheric asymmetry observed in the qEEG data between the COVID and long COVID groups. Connectivity analysis showed statistically significant higher connectivity in temporal-occipital (T6-O2) in long COVID groups (Mann Whitney Utest). Conclusion: Our findings underscore the persistent neuropsychiatric impact of COVID-19, particularly in long COVID patients. Notably, working memory deficits in MoCA scores were identified as one of the most frequent neuropsychological symptoms in these individuals. Decreased brain connectivity indicates cognitive-sensorimotor decline and is confirmed by the frequent brain fog symptoms in long COVID. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-8389e51ccbe94c979bedcd781381c8fc |
| institution | Kabale University |
| issn | 2666-3546 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-03-01 |
| publisher | Elsevier |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Brain, Behavior, & Immunity - Health |
| spelling | doaj-art-8389e51ccbe94c979bedcd781381c8fc2025-02-06T05:12:51ZengElsevierBrain, Behavior, & Immunity - Health2666-35462025-03-0144100954The relationship between cognitive function and neuropsychiatric disorders with quantitative electroencephalogram (qEEG) on long COVID syndrome patientsYetty Ramli0Pukovisa Prawiroharjo1Winnugroho Wiratman2Eric Tenda3Nurhadi Ibrahim4Damar Susilaradeya5Abdi Reza6Jennifer Agatha7Rejoel Siagian8Hazrina Fauhan9Florencia Evelyn10Yoshikazu Ugawa11Prasandhya Yusuf12Department of Neurology, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Indonesia, Jakarta, Indonesia; Medical Technology IMERI, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Indonesia, Jakarta, Indonesia; Corresponding author. Department of Neurology, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Indonesia, Jakarta, Indonesia.Department of Neurology, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Indonesia, Jakarta, Indonesia; Medical Technology IMERI, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Indonesia, Jakarta, IndonesiaDepartment of Neurology, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Indonesia, Jakarta, Indonesia; Medical Technology IMERI, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Indonesia, Jakarta, IndonesiaMedical Technology IMERI, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Indonesia, Jakarta, Indonesia; Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Indonesia, Jakarta, IndonesiaMedical Technology IMERI, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Indonesia, Jakarta, Indonesia; Department of Medical Physiology and Biophysics, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Indonesia, Jakarta, IndonesiaMedical Technology IMERI, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Indonesia, Jakarta, Indonesia; Department of Medical Physiology and Biophysics, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Indonesia, Jakarta, IndonesiaDepartment of Neurosurgery, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Indonesia, Jakarta, IndonesiaMedical Technology IMERI, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Indonesia, Jakarta, IndonesiaMedical Technology IMERI, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Indonesia, Jakarta, Indonesia; Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Indonesia, Jakarta, IndonesiaMedical Technology IMERI, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Indonesia, Jakarta, IndonesiaFaculty of Medicine, Universitas Indonesia, Jakarta, Indonesia; Corresponding author.Department of Department of Human Neurophysiology, Institute of Brain Medical Sciences, Fukushima Medical University, JapanMedical Technology IMERI, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Indonesia, Jakarta, Indonesia; Department of Medical Physiology and Biophysics, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Indonesia, Jakarta, IndonesiaBackground: The COVID-19 pandemic has resulted in long-term consequences for a subset of affected individuals, known as long COVID syndrome. The neurological and psychiatric effects of this condition remain incompletely understood. This study aims to evaluate heightened common mental disorders in long COVID through assessing psychiatric, cognitive, neurophysiological aspects, and emphasizing lasting mental health impacts. Methods: This cross-sectional study compared patients with long COVID to those who had recovered from COVID-19 without residual symptoms using quantitative electroencephalogram (qEEG) analysis. We conducted qEEG analyses, and Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA) and Self-Rating Questionnaire (SRQ) tests on participants. Analyses included brain spectrum examination, hemispheric asymmetry, and inter-electrode connectivity. Results: Analyses revealed lower MoCA scores in the memory domain were lower in the long COVID group (Mann Whitney Utest), indicating that individuals with long COVID experience more substantial cognitive deficits. There is no statistical difference for spectrum examination and hemispheric asymmetry observed in the qEEG data between the COVID and long COVID groups. Connectivity analysis showed statistically significant higher connectivity in temporal-occipital (T6-O2) in long COVID groups (Mann Whitney Utest). Conclusion: Our findings underscore the persistent neuropsychiatric impact of COVID-19, particularly in long COVID patients. Notably, working memory deficits in MoCA scores were identified as one of the most frequent neuropsychological symptoms in these individuals. Decreased brain connectivity indicates cognitive-sensorimotor decline and is confirmed by the frequent brain fog symptoms in long COVID.http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2666354625000122Long covid syndromeCognitive functionNeuropsychiatric disordersqEEGBrain connectivity |
| spellingShingle | Yetty Ramli Pukovisa Prawiroharjo Winnugroho Wiratman Eric Tenda Nurhadi Ibrahim Damar Susilaradeya Abdi Reza Jennifer Agatha Rejoel Siagian Hazrina Fauhan Florencia Evelyn Yoshikazu Ugawa Prasandhya Yusuf The relationship between cognitive function and neuropsychiatric disorders with quantitative electroencephalogram (qEEG) on long COVID syndrome patients Brain, Behavior, & Immunity - Health Long covid syndrome Cognitive function Neuropsychiatric disorders qEEG Brain connectivity |
| title | The relationship between cognitive function and neuropsychiatric disorders with quantitative electroencephalogram (qEEG) on long COVID syndrome patients |
| title_full | The relationship between cognitive function and neuropsychiatric disorders with quantitative electroencephalogram (qEEG) on long COVID syndrome patients |
| title_fullStr | The relationship between cognitive function and neuropsychiatric disorders with quantitative electroencephalogram (qEEG) on long COVID syndrome patients |
| title_full_unstemmed | The relationship between cognitive function and neuropsychiatric disorders with quantitative electroencephalogram (qEEG) on long COVID syndrome patients |
| title_short | The relationship between cognitive function and neuropsychiatric disorders with quantitative electroencephalogram (qEEG) on long COVID syndrome patients |
| title_sort | relationship between cognitive function and neuropsychiatric disorders with quantitative electroencephalogram qeeg on long covid syndrome patients |
| topic | Long covid syndrome Cognitive function Neuropsychiatric disorders qEEG Brain connectivity |
| url | http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2666354625000122 |
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