Gelatin Nanoemulsion-Based Co-Delivery of Terbinafine and Essential Oils for Treatment of <i>Candida albicans</i> Biofilms
Fungal infections represent a significant global health challenge. <i>Candida albicans</i> is a particularly widespread pathogen, with both molecular and biofilm-based mechanisms making it resistant to or tolerant of available antifungal drugs. This study reports a combination therapy, a...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2025-01-01
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| Series: | Microorganisms |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2076-2607/13/1/127 |
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| author | Muhammad Aamir Hassan Sadaf Noor Jungmi Park Ahmed Nabawy Maitri Dedhiya Robin Patel Vincent M. Rotello |
| author_facet | Muhammad Aamir Hassan Sadaf Noor Jungmi Park Ahmed Nabawy Maitri Dedhiya Robin Patel Vincent M. Rotello |
| author_sort | Muhammad Aamir Hassan |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Fungal infections represent a significant global health challenge. <i>Candida albicans</i> is a particularly widespread pathogen, with both molecular and biofilm-based mechanisms making it resistant to or tolerant of available antifungal drugs. This study reports a combination therapy, active against <i>C. albicans</i>, utilizing terbinafine and essential oils incorporated into a gelatin-based nanoemulsion system (T-GNE). Eugenol and methyl eugenol/terbinafine T-GNEs had an additive efficacy, while carvacrol (CT-GNE) worked synergistically with terbinafine, providing effective antifungal treatment with minimal mammalian cell toxicity. Confocal microscopy demonstrated that CT-GNE penetrated the dense <i>C. albicans</i> biofilm and disrupted the fungal cell membrane. Overall, the combination of essential oils with terbinafine in GNE provided a promising treatment for fungal biofilms. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-83187b5570044c8298c168fa969c5bed |
| institution | Kabale University |
| issn | 2076-2607 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-01-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Microorganisms |
| spelling | doaj-art-83187b5570044c8298c168fa969c5bed2025-01-24T13:42:45ZengMDPI AGMicroorganisms2076-26072025-01-0113112710.3390/microorganisms13010127Gelatin Nanoemulsion-Based Co-Delivery of Terbinafine and Essential Oils for Treatment of <i>Candida albicans</i> BiofilmsMuhammad Aamir Hassan0Sadaf Noor1Jungmi Park2Ahmed Nabawy3Maitri Dedhiya4Robin Patel5Vincent M. Rotello6Department of Chemistry, University of Massachusetts Amherst, 710 North Pleasant Street, Amherst, MA 01003, USADepartment of Chemistry, University of Massachusetts Amherst, 710 North Pleasant Street, Amherst, MA 01003, USADepartment of Chemistry, University of Massachusetts Amherst, 710 North Pleasant Street, Amherst, MA 01003, USADepartment of Chemistry, University of Massachusetts Amherst, 710 North Pleasant Street, Amherst, MA 01003, USADepartment of Chemistry, University of Massachusetts Amherst, 710 North Pleasant Street, Amherst, MA 01003, USADivision of Clinical Microbiology, Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Mayo Clinic, 200 First Street SW, Rochester, MN 55905, USADepartment of Chemistry, University of Massachusetts Amherst, 710 North Pleasant Street, Amherst, MA 01003, USAFungal infections represent a significant global health challenge. <i>Candida albicans</i> is a particularly widespread pathogen, with both molecular and biofilm-based mechanisms making it resistant to or tolerant of available antifungal drugs. This study reports a combination therapy, active against <i>C. albicans</i>, utilizing terbinafine and essential oils incorporated into a gelatin-based nanoemulsion system (T-GNE). Eugenol and methyl eugenol/terbinafine T-GNEs had an additive efficacy, while carvacrol (CT-GNE) worked synergistically with terbinafine, providing effective antifungal treatment with minimal mammalian cell toxicity. Confocal microscopy demonstrated that CT-GNE penetrated the dense <i>C. albicans</i> biofilm and disrupted the fungal cell membrane. Overall, the combination of essential oils with terbinafine in GNE provided a promising treatment for fungal biofilms.https://www.mdpi.com/2076-2607/13/1/127fungal infectionbiofilmcombination therapygelatinnanoemulsionssynergy |
| spellingShingle | Muhammad Aamir Hassan Sadaf Noor Jungmi Park Ahmed Nabawy Maitri Dedhiya Robin Patel Vincent M. Rotello Gelatin Nanoemulsion-Based Co-Delivery of Terbinafine and Essential Oils for Treatment of <i>Candida albicans</i> Biofilms Microorganisms fungal infection biofilm combination therapy gelatin nanoemulsions synergy |
| title | Gelatin Nanoemulsion-Based Co-Delivery of Terbinafine and Essential Oils for Treatment of <i>Candida albicans</i> Biofilms |
| title_full | Gelatin Nanoemulsion-Based Co-Delivery of Terbinafine and Essential Oils for Treatment of <i>Candida albicans</i> Biofilms |
| title_fullStr | Gelatin Nanoemulsion-Based Co-Delivery of Terbinafine and Essential Oils for Treatment of <i>Candida albicans</i> Biofilms |
| title_full_unstemmed | Gelatin Nanoemulsion-Based Co-Delivery of Terbinafine and Essential Oils for Treatment of <i>Candida albicans</i> Biofilms |
| title_short | Gelatin Nanoemulsion-Based Co-Delivery of Terbinafine and Essential Oils for Treatment of <i>Candida albicans</i> Biofilms |
| title_sort | gelatin nanoemulsion based co delivery of terbinafine and essential oils for treatment of i candida albicans i biofilms |
| topic | fungal infection biofilm combination therapy gelatin nanoemulsions synergy |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2076-2607/13/1/127 |
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