Gelatin Nanoemulsion-Based Co-Delivery of Terbinafine and Essential Oils for Treatment of <i>Candida albicans</i> Biofilms
Fungal infections represent a significant global health challenge. <i>Candida albicans</i> is a particularly widespread pathogen, with both molecular and biofilm-based mechanisms making it resistant to or tolerant of available antifungal drugs. This study reports a combination therapy, a...
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| Main Authors: | , , , , , , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
MDPI AG
2025-01-01
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| Series: | Microorganisms |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2076-2607/13/1/127 |
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| Summary: | Fungal infections represent a significant global health challenge. <i>Candida albicans</i> is a particularly widespread pathogen, with both molecular and biofilm-based mechanisms making it resistant to or tolerant of available antifungal drugs. This study reports a combination therapy, active against <i>C. albicans</i>, utilizing terbinafine and essential oils incorporated into a gelatin-based nanoemulsion system (T-GNE). Eugenol and methyl eugenol/terbinafine T-GNEs had an additive efficacy, while carvacrol (CT-GNE) worked synergistically with terbinafine, providing effective antifungal treatment with minimal mammalian cell toxicity. Confocal microscopy demonstrated that CT-GNE penetrated the dense <i>C. albicans</i> biofilm and disrupted the fungal cell membrane. Overall, the combination of essential oils with terbinafine in GNE provided a promising treatment for fungal biofilms. |
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| ISSN: | 2076-2607 |