Relationship Between Vertical Facial Patterns and Palatal Morphology in Class I and Class II Malocclusion
(1) The purpose of this study is to relate the bidimensional and tridimensional measures of the palate to the vertical facial pattern defined by the angle “SN-MP” between the mandibular plane and the anterior cranial base (Sella–Nasion/mandibular plane angle) in skeletal Class II untreated patients....
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2025-01-01
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| author | Ilaria Tucci Simone Sferra Luca Giuliante Andrea Scribante Alice Mannocci Cristina Grippaudo |
| author_facet | Ilaria Tucci Simone Sferra Luca Giuliante Andrea Scribante Alice Mannocci Cristina Grippaudo |
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| description | (1) The purpose of this study is to relate the bidimensional and tridimensional measures of the palate to the vertical facial pattern defined by the angle “SN-MP” between the mandibular plane and the anterior cranial base (Sella–Nasion/mandibular plane angle) in skeletal Class II untreated patients. Furthermore, the same palatal measures were used to compare Class II with Class I subjects. (2) A sample of 197 Class II Caucasian subjects (112 females and 85 males) with untreated skeletal Class II was collected retrospectively (from a private dental clinic specialized in orthodontics) and divided into two main groups according to the ANB angle: 74 Class I patients (0° ≤ ANB ≤ 4°) and 123 Class II patients (ANB > 4°). Class II subjects were furthermore divided into three groups depending on the angle SN-MP. Lateral cephalograms and digital 3D maxillary dental scans were available. Bidimensional and tridimensional measures were taken on each maxillary dental scan. The differences among the groups were analyzed for significance using a variance analysis. (3) A decrease in the posterior palatal height and an increase in the palatal surface area in Class I subjects were reported. The results showed a change in upper arch form, with a greater intermolar width in patients with a low SN-MP angle and a smaller one in high-angle patients. The more a Class II subject tended towards high-angle divergence, the narrower the palate was. (4) A greater posterior palatal height was found in Class II malocclusion, while greater surface area was noted in Class I malocclusion. In addition to this result, another statistical significance was detected in Class II malocclusion: the intermolar distance was greater in hypodivergent than in hyperdivergent patients. Similar volume values were noted across different malocclusions and vertical divergence groups. Palatal width seemed to be related to vertical facial pattern, while palatal height and area seemed to be related to sagittal malocclusions. These findings underscore the importance of considering palatal morphology variations in designing individualized orthodontic treatments, thereby improving patient-specific outcomes and broadening our understanding of skeletal Class II malocclusion. |
| format | Article |
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| institution | Kabale University |
| issn | 2076-3417 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-01-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
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| series | Applied Sciences |
| spelling | doaj-art-828e83954e284101aabdfd1daccd6cb22025-01-24T13:20:00ZengMDPI AGApplied Sciences2076-34172025-01-0115260410.3390/app15020604Relationship Between Vertical Facial Patterns and Palatal Morphology in Class I and Class II MalocclusionIlaria Tucci0Simone Sferra1Luca Giuliante2Andrea Scribante3Alice Mannocci4Cristina Grippaudo5Dipartimento Testa Collo ed Organi di Senso, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 00168 Rome, ItalyDipartimento Testa Collo ed Organi di Senso, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 00168 Rome, ItalyDipartimento Testa Collo ed Organi di Senso, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 00168 Rome, ItalyUnit of Orthodontics and Pediatric Dentistry, Section of Dentistry, Department of Clinical, Surgical, Diagnostic and Pediatric Sciences, University of Pavia, 27100 Pavia, ItalyDipartimento di Promozione delle Scienze Umane e della Qualità della Vita, Università San Raffaele, 00166 Rome, ItalyDipartimento Testa Collo ed Organi di Senso, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 00168 Rome, Italy(1) The purpose of this study is to relate the bidimensional and tridimensional measures of the palate to the vertical facial pattern defined by the angle “SN-MP” between the mandibular plane and the anterior cranial base (Sella–Nasion/mandibular plane angle) in skeletal Class II untreated patients. Furthermore, the same palatal measures were used to compare Class II with Class I subjects. (2) A sample of 197 Class II Caucasian subjects (112 females and 85 males) with untreated skeletal Class II was collected retrospectively (from a private dental clinic specialized in orthodontics) and divided into two main groups according to the ANB angle: 74 Class I patients (0° ≤ ANB ≤ 4°) and 123 Class II patients (ANB > 4°). Class II subjects were furthermore divided into three groups depending on the angle SN-MP. Lateral cephalograms and digital 3D maxillary dental scans were available. Bidimensional and tridimensional measures were taken on each maxillary dental scan. The differences among the groups were analyzed for significance using a variance analysis. (3) A decrease in the posterior palatal height and an increase in the palatal surface area in Class I subjects were reported. The results showed a change in upper arch form, with a greater intermolar width in patients with a low SN-MP angle and a smaller one in high-angle patients. The more a Class II subject tended towards high-angle divergence, the narrower the palate was. (4) A greater posterior palatal height was found in Class II malocclusion, while greater surface area was noted in Class I malocclusion. In addition to this result, another statistical significance was detected in Class II malocclusion: the intermolar distance was greater in hypodivergent than in hyperdivergent patients. Similar volume values were noted across different malocclusions and vertical divergence groups. Palatal width seemed to be related to vertical facial pattern, while palatal height and area seemed to be related to sagittal malocclusions. These findings underscore the importance of considering palatal morphology variations in designing individualized orthodontic treatments, thereby improving patient-specific outcomes and broadening our understanding of skeletal Class II malocclusion.https://www.mdpi.com/2076-3417/15/2/604palatal morphologyclass I malocclusionclass II malocclusionvertical facial pattern3D analysis |
| spellingShingle | Ilaria Tucci Simone Sferra Luca Giuliante Andrea Scribante Alice Mannocci Cristina Grippaudo Relationship Between Vertical Facial Patterns and Palatal Morphology in Class I and Class II Malocclusion Applied Sciences palatal morphology class I malocclusion class II malocclusion vertical facial pattern 3D analysis |
| title | Relationship Between Vertical Facial Patterns and Palatal Morphology in Class I and Class II Malocclusion |
| title_full | Relationship Between Vertical Facial Patterns and Palatal Morphology in Class I and Class II Malocclusion |
| title_fullStr | Relationship Between Vertical Facial Patterns and Palatal Morphology in Class I and Class II Malocclusion |
| title_full_unstemmed | Relationship Between Vertical Facial Patterns and Palatal Morphology in Class I and Class II Malocclusion |
| title_short | Relationship Between Vertical Facial Patterns and Palatal Morphology in Class I and Class II Malocclusion |
| title_sort | relationship between vertical facial patterns and palatal morphology in class i and class ii malocclusion |
| topic | palatal morphology class I malocclusion class II malocclusion vertical facial pattern 3D analysis |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2076-3417/15/2/604 |
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