The Combination Effect of <i>Purpureocillium lilacinum</i> Strain (AUMC 10620) and Avermectin (B1a and B1b) on Control Citrus Nematode <i>Tylenchulus semipenetrans</i> (Cobb) Under Laboratory and Field Conditions
This study investigates the nematicidal efficacy of <i>Purpureocillium lilacinum</i> strain (AUMC 10620) combined with avermectin (B1a and B1b) against the citrus nematode <i>Tylenchulus semipenetrans</i>, both in vitro and in vivo. Laboratory experiments tested four concentr...
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2025-01-01
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| author | Amr M. El-Marzoky Mohamed A. M. S. Ali Ahmed S. M. Elnahal Dalia A. Abuljadayel Wafa A. H. Alkherb Mahmoud Moustafa Mohammed O. Alshaharni Elsayed M. Abd El-Aal |
| author_facet | Amr M. El-Marzoky Mohamed A. M. S. Ali Ahmed S. M. Elnahal Dalia A. Abuljadayel Wafa A. H. Alkherb Mahmoud Moustafa Mohammed O. Alshaharni Elsayed M. Abd El-Aal |
| author_sort | Amr M. El-Marzoky |
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| description | This study investigates the nematicidal efficacy of <i>Purpureocillium lilacinum</i> strain (AUMC 10620) combined with avermectin (B1a and B1b) against the citrus nematode <i>Tylenchulus semipenetrans</i>, both in vitro and in vivo. Laboratory experiments tested four concentrations of <i>P. lilacinum</i> (2.5, 5, 10, and 15 × 10<sup>7</sup> spores/mL) mixed with 250 ppm avermectin, assessing their effects on nematode juveniles (J2) and eggs. Results showed significant increases in juvenile mortality and egg hatching inhibition with the combined treatments compared to individual applications. The highest concentration (15 × 10<sup>7</sup> spores/mL + 250 ppm avermectin) achieved 100% juvenile mortality and 83.33% egg hatching inhibition after 72 h. Field trials confirmed the superior efficacy of the combined treatment, with <i>P. lilacinum</i> (15 × 10<sup>7</sup> spores/mL) and avermectin (1000 ppm) reducing nematode populations by 70.85% in mandarin trees and 70.77% in sweet orange trees after three weeks, compared to the 83.59% and 81.76% reduction, respectively, achieved by oxamyl. These findings suggest that mixtures of <i>P. lilacinum</i> and avermectin can serve as effective, eco-friendly alternatives for controlling nematodes in citrus orchards. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-824ac17ff3da478282acb350b0811722 |
| institution | Kabale University |
| issn | 2079-7737 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-01-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Biology |
| spelling | doaj-art-824ac17ff3da478282acb350b08117222025-01-24T13:23:28ZengMDPI AGBiology2079-77372025-01-011416010.3390/biology14010060The Combination Effect of <i>Purpureocillium lilacinum</i> Strain (AUMC 10620) and Avermectin (B1a and B1b) on Control Citrus Nematode <i>Tylenchulus semipenetrans</i> (Cobb) Under Laboratory and Field ConditionsAmr M. El-Marzoky0Mohamed A. M. S. Ali1Ahmed S. M. Elnahal2Dalia A. Abuljadayel3Wafa A. H. Alkherb4Mahmoud Moustafa5Mohammed O. Alshaharni6Elsayed M. Abd El-Aal7Plant Protection Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Zagazig University, Zagazig 44511, EgyptPlant Pathology Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Zagazig University, Zagazig 44511, EgyptPlant Pathology Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Zagazig University, Zagazig 44511, EgyptDepartment of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, Zoology, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21461, Saudi ArabiaDepartment of Biology, College of Science, Qassim University, Buraidah 1452, Saudi ArabiaDepartment of Biology, College of Science, King Khalid University, Abha 9004, Saudi ArabiaDepartment of Biology, College of Science, King Khalid University, Abha 9004, Saudi ArabiaPlant Protection Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Zagazig University, Zagazig 44511, EgyptThis study investigates the nematicidal efficacy of <i>Purpureocillium lilacinum</i> strain (AUMC 10620) combined with avermectin (B1a and B1b) against the citrus nematode <i>Tylenchulus semipenetrans</i>, both in vitro and in vivo. Laboratory experiments tested four concentrations of <i>P. lilacinum</i> (2.5, 5, 10, and 15 × 10<sup>7</sup> spores/mL) mixed with 250 ppm avermectin, assessing their effects on nematode juveniles (J2) and eggs. Results showed significant increases in juvenile mortality and egg hatching inhibition with the combined treatments compared to individual applications. The highest concentration (15 × 10<sup>7</sup> spores/mL + 250 ppm avermectin) achieved 100% juvenile mortality and 83.33% egg hatching inhibition after 72 h. Field trials confirmed the superior efficacy of the combined treatment, with <i>P. lilacinum</i> (15 × 10<sup>7</sup> spores/mL) and avermectin (1000 ppm) reducing nematode populations by 70.85% in mandarin trees and 70.77% in sweet orange trees after three weeks, compared to the 83.59% and 81.76% reduction, respectively, achieved by oxamyl. These findings suggest that mixtures of <i>P. lilacinum</i> and avermectin can serve as effective, eco-friendly alternatives for controlling nematodes in citrus orchards.https://www.mdpi.com/2079-7737/14/1/60biocontrolcitrus nematodes<i>Tylenchulus semipenetrans</i><i>Purpureocillium lilacinum</i>avermectinPPNs |
| spellingShingle | Amr M. El-Marzoky Mohamed A. M. S. Ali Ahmed S. M. Elnahal Dalia A. Abuljadayel Wafa A. H. Alkherb Mahmoud Moustafa Mohammed O. Alshaharni Elsayed M. Abd El-Aal The Combination Effect of <i>Purpureocillium lilacinum</i> Strain (AUMC 10620) and Avermectin (B1a and B1b) on Control Citrus Nematode <i>Tylenchulus semipenetrans</i> (Cobb) Under Laboratory and Field Conditions Biology biocontrol citrus nematodes <i>Tylenchulus semipenetrans</i> <i>Purpureocillium lilacinum</i> avermectin PPNs |
| title | The Combination Effect of <i>Purpureocillium lilacinum</i> Strain (AUMC 10620) and Avermectin (B1a and B1b) on Control Citrus Nematode <i>Tylenchulus semipenetrans</i> (Cobb) Under Laboratory and Field Conditions |
| title_full | The Combination Effect of <i>Purpureocillium lilacinum</i> Strain (AUMC 10620) and Avermectin (B1a and B1b) on Control Citrus Nematode <i>Tylenchulus semipenetrans</i> (Cobb) Under Laboratory and Field Conditions |
| title_fullStr | The Combination Effect of <i>Purpureocillium lilacinum</i> Strain (AUMC 10620) and Avermectin (B1a and B1b) on Control Citrus Nematode <i>Tylenchulus semipenetrans</i> (Cobb) Under Laboratory and Field Conditions |
| title_full_unstemmed | The Combination Effect of <i>Purpureocillium lilacinum</i> Strain (AUMC 10620) and Avermectin (B1a and B1b) on Control Citrus Nematode <i>Tylenchulus semipenetrans</i> (Cobb) Under Laboratory and Field Conditions |
| title_short | The Combination Effect of <i>Purpureocillium lilacinum</i> Strain (AUMC 10620) and Avermectin (B1a and B1b) on Control Citrus Nematode <i>Tylenchulus semipenetrans</i> (Cobb) Under Laboratory and Field Conditions |
| title_sort | combination effect of i purpureocillium lilacinum i strain aumc 10620 and avermectin b1a and b1b on control citrus nematode i tylenchulus semipenetrans i cobb under laboratory and field conditions |
| topic | biocontrol citrus nematodes <i>Tylenchulus semipenetrans</i> <i>Purpureocillium lilacinum</i> avermectin PPNs |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2079-7737/14/1/60 |
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