Reconsidering the ecological effect of seed endophytes in building plant microbial environments: lessons from a Chinese medicinal plant Panax notoginseng

Abstract Background Seed endophytes (SEs) are of particular interest in the fields of plant science, microbiology and agronomy due to their unique spatial and functional relationship with the host plant. SEs formed originally in mother plants, represent the majority of vertically transmitted endophy...

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Main Authors: Yun Wen, Wei-Xi Yang, Yi-Qian Li, Chun-Xi Lu, Hong-Yan Hu, Li-Rong Guo, Shuang-Ye Huang, Xiao-Xia Pan, Shu-Sheng Zhu, Ming-Zhi Yang
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: BMC 2025-07-01
Series:Environmental Microbiome
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Online Access:https://doi.org/10.1186/s40793-025-00753-y
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author Yun Wen
Wei-Xi Yang
Yi-Qian Li
Chun-Xi Lu
Hong-Yan Hu
Li-Rong Guo
Shuang-Ye Huang
Xiao-Xia Pan
Shu-Sheng Zhu
Ming-Zhi Yang
author_facet Yun Wen
Wei-Xi Yang
Yi-Qian Li
Chun-Xi Lu
Hong-Yan Hu
Li-Rong Guo
Shuang-Ye Huang
Xiao-Xia Pan
Shu-Sheng Zhu
Ming-Zhi Yang
author_sort Yun Wen
collection DOAJ
description Abstract Background Seed endophytes (SEs) are of particular interest in the fields of plant science, microbiology and agronomy due to their unique spatial and functional relationship with the host plant. SEs formed originally in mother plants, represent the majority of vertically transmitted endophytes (VTEs) in plants, and the inheritance of SEs by plants is a strategy to cope with environmental challenges. However, despite the growing interest in seed endophytes (SEs), our understanding of the host effects of SEs and their transmission remains limited. Here, seeds of a Chinese medicinal plant, pseudoginseng (Pg), were germinated and cultivated separately in autoclaved and natural guest soils under aseptic conditions, and the vertically transferred SEs (sVTEs) in the progeny plant endophytic and rhizospheric soil microbiomes were examined using an amplicon-based approach. Results We first categorized the detected Pg SE amplicon sequence variants (ASVs) into sVTEs and other SEs (nVTEs) based on the ASV overlap analyses, and an apparent taxa bias in sVTE was observed for both bacteria and fungi. Bacterial sVTEs are characteristically motile, biofilm forming and stress tolerant. The presence of soil-dwelling microbes did not prevent progeny plants from inheriting levels of sVTEs from seeds, but involved in shaping the composition of the acquired sVTEs. Most importantly, an aseptic cultivation experiment showed that the SEs alone were able to establish a high diversity of plant-associated microbiota (PAM) in progeny plants via vertical transmission; and sVTEs were acted as a core microbiota that dominated the assembly of the progeny PAM (with the relative abundances ranged from 21 to 79%) in both the natural and sterilized soil cultivation experiments. However, the impact of sVTEs on PAM assembly may be more significant than is currently recognized, given that proportions of SEs and sVTEs in plant seeds remain undetected due to technological limitations and small sample sizes. Conclusions The work has advanced our knowledge of the nature of sVTEs and the ecological effects of SEs on host plants.
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publishDate 2025-07-01
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spelling doaj-art-82086730eb1b4f0c9afb9c41f4bccc6b2025-08-20T03:06:06ZengBMCEnvironmental Microbiome2524-63722025-07-0120111710.1186/s40793-025-00753-yReconsidering the ecological effect of seed endophytes in building plant microbial environments: lessons from a Chinese medicinal plant Panax notoginsengYun Wen0Wei-Xi Yang1Yi-Qian Li2Chun-Xi Lu3Hong-Yan Hu4Li-Rong Guo5Shuang-Ye Huang6Xiao-Xia Pan7Shu-Sheng Zhu8Ming-Zhi Yang9School of Ecology and Environmental Sciences, Yunnan UniversitySchool of Food and Health, Beijing Technology and Business UniversitySchool of Ecology and Environmental Sciences, Yunnan UniversitySchool of Ecology and Environmental Sciences, Yunnan UniversitySchool of Ecology and Environmental Sciences, Yunnan UniversitySchool of Ecology and Environmental Sciences, Yunnan UniversitySchool of Ecology and Environmental Sciences, Yunnan UniversitySchool of Chemistry and Environment, Yunnan MinZu UniversityCollege of Plant Protection, Yunnan Agricultural UniversitySchool of Ecology and Environmental Sciences, Yunnan UniversityAbstract Background Seed endophytes (SEs) are of particular interest in the fields of plant science, microbiology and agronomy due to their unique spatial and functional relationship with the host plant. SEs formed originally in mother plants, represent the majority of vertically transmitted endophytes (VTEs) in plants, and the inheritance of SEs by plants is a strategy to cope with environmental challenges. However, despite the growing interest in seed endophytes (SEs), our understanding of the host effects of SEs and their transmission remains limited. Here, seeds of a Chinese medicinal plant, pseudoginseng (Pg), were germinated and cultivated separately in autoclaved and natural guest soils under aseptic conditions, and the vertically transferred SEs (sVTEs) in the progeny plant endophytic and rhizospheric soil microbiomes were examined using an amplicon-based approach. Results We first categorized the detected Pg SE amplicon sequence variants (ASVs) into sVTEs and other SEs (nVTEs) based on the ASV overlap analyses, and an apparent taxa bias in sVTE was observed for both bacteria and fungi. Bacterial sVTEs are characteristically motile, biofilm forming and stress tolerant. The presence of soil-dwelling microbes did not prevent progeny plants from inheriting levels of sVTEs from seeds, but involved in shaping the composition of the acquired sVTEs. Most importantly, an aseptic cultivation experiment showed that the SEs alone were able to establish a high diversity of plant-associated microbiota (PAM) in progeny plants via vertical transmission; and sVTEs were acted as a core microbiota that dominated the assembly of the progeny PAM (with the relative abundances ranged from 21 to 79%) in both the natural and sterilized soil cultivation experiments. However, the impact of sVTEs on PAM assembly may be more significant than is currently recognized, given that proportions of SEs and sVTEs in plant seeds remain undetected due to technological limitations and small sample sizes. Conclusions The work has advanced our knowledge of the nature of sVTEs and the ecological effects of SEs on host plants.https://doi.org/10.1186/s40793-025-00753-ySeed endophytesVertically transferred seed endophytes (sVTEs)Plant-associated microbiota (PAM)Ecological effect‘Market’ of sVTEPseudoginseng
spellingShingle Yun Wen
Wei-Xi Yang
Yi-Qian Li
Chun-Xi Lu
Hong-Yan Hu
Li-Rong Guo
Shuang-Ye Huang
Xiao-Xia Pan
Shu-Sheng Zhu
Ming-Zhi Yang
Reconsidering the ecological effect of seed endophytes in building plant microbial environments: lessons from a Chinese medicinal plant Panax notoginseng
Environmental Microbiome
Seed endophytes
Vertically transferred seed endophytes (sVTEs)
Plant-associated microbiota (PAM)
Ecological effect
‘Market’ of sVTE
Pseudoginseng
title Reconsidering the ecological effect of seed endophytes in building plant microbial environments: lessons from a Chinese medicinal plant Panax notoginseng
title_full Reconsidering the ecological effect of seed endophytes in building plant microbial environments: lessons from a Chinese medicinal plant Panax notoginseng
title_fullStr Reconsidering the ecological effect of seed endophytes in building plant microbial environments: lessons from a Chinese medicinal plant Panax notoginseng
title_full_unstemmed Reconsidering the ecological effect of seed endophytes in building plant microbial environments: lessons from a Chinese medicinal plant Panax notoginseng
title_short Reconsidering the ecological effect of seed endophytes in building plant microbial environments: lessons from a Chinese medicinal plant Panax notoginseng
title_sort reconsidering the ecological effect of seed endophytes in building plant microbial environments lessons from a chinese medicinal plant panax notoginseng
topic Seed endophytes
Vertically transferred seed endophytes (sVTEs)
Plant-associated microbiota (PAM)
Ecological effect
‘Market’ of sVTE
Pseudoginseng
url https://doi.org/10.1186/s40793-025-00753-y
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