CD39 dynamics in tuberculosis: a potential biomarker of immune dysregulation and T cell exhaustion

CD39 dynamics in tuberculosis: a potential biomarker of immune dysregulation and T cell exhaustion

BackgroundTuberculosis (TB), caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb), remains a global health crisis complicated by immune dysregulation and T cell exhaustion. CD39, an ectonucleotidase generating immunosuppressive adenosine, is implicated in cancer and chronic infections, yet its spatiotemporal...

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Bibliographic Details
Main Authors:	Ling Hao, Qari Muhammad Imran, Nadeem Ullah
Format:	Article
Language:	English
Published:	Frontiers Media S.A. 2025-08-01
Series:	Frontiers in Immunology
Subjects:	ENTPD1 CD39 tuberculosis immune dysregulation T cell exhaustion inhibitory receptors
Online Access:	https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fimmu.2025.1601637/full
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