Productive Entry Pathways of Human Rhinoviruses
Currently, complete or partial genome sequences of more than 150 human rhinovirus (HRV) isolates are known. Twelve species A use members of the low-density lipoprotein receptor family for cell entry, whereas the remaining HRV-A and all HRV-B bind ICAM-1. HRV-Cs exploit an unknown receptor. At least...
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Wiley
2012-01-01
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| Series: | Advances in Virology |
| Online Access: | http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2012/826301 |
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| author | Renate Fuchs Dieter Blaas |
| author_facet | Renate Fuchs Dieter Blaas |
| author_sort | Renate Fuchs |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Currently, complete or partial genome sequences of more than 150 human rhinovirus (HRV) isolates are known. Twelve species A use members of the low-density lipoprotein receptor family for cell entry, whereas the remaining HRV-A and all HRV-B bind ICAM-1. HRV-Cs exploit an unknown receptor. At least all A and B type viruses depend on receptor-mediated endocytosis for infection. In HeLa cells, they are internalized mainly by a clathrin- and dynamin-dependent mechanism. Upon uptake into acidic compartments, the icosahedral HRV capsid expands by ~4% and holes open at the 2-fold axes, close to the pseudo-3-fold axes and at the base of the star-shaped dome protruding at the vertices. RNA-protein interactions are broken and new ones are established, the small internal myristoylated capsid protein VP4 is expelled, and amphipathic N-terminal sequences of VP1 become exposed. The now hydrophobic subviral particle attaches to the inner surface of endosomes and transfers its genomic (+) ssRNA into the cytosol. The RNA leaves the virus starting with the poly(A) tail at its 3′-end and passes through a membrane pore contiguous with one of the holes in the capsid wall. Alternatively, the endosome is disrupted and the RNA freely diffuses into the cytoplasm. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-818e0d77d3e54d47b6deaec349b14c88 |
| institution | Kabale University |
| issn | 1687-8639 1687-8647 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2012-01-01 |
| publisher | Wiley |
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| series | Advances in Virology |
| spelling | doaj-art-818e0d77d3e54d47b6deaec349b14c882025-02-03T01:01:42ZengWileyAdvances in Virology1687-86391687-86472012-01-01201210.1155/2012/826301826301Productive Entry Pathways of Human RhinovirusesRenate Fuchs0Dieter Blaas1Department of Pathophysiology, Medical University of Vienna, Währinger Gürtel 18-20, 1090 Vienna, AustriaDepartment of Medical Biochemistry, Max F. Perutz Laboratories, Vienna Biocenter, Medical University of Vienna, Dr. Bohr Gasse 9/3, 1030 Vienna, AustriaCurrently, complete or partial genome sequences of more than 150 human rhinovirus (HRV) isolates are known. Twelve species A use members of the low-density lipoprotein receptor family for cell entry, whereas the remaining HRV-A and all HRV-B bind ICAM-1. HRV-Cs exploit an unknown receptor. At least all A and B type viruses depend on receptor-mediated endocytosis for infection. In HeLa cells, they are internalized mainly by a clathrin- and dynamin-dependent mechanism. Upon uptake into acidic compartments, the icosahedral HRV capsid expands by ~4% and holes open at the 2-fold axes, close to the pseudo-3-fold axes and at the base of the star-shaped dome protruding at the vertices. RNA-protein interactions are broken and new ones are established, the small internal myristoylated capsid protein VP4 is expelled, and amphipathic N-terminal sequences of VP1 become exposed. The now hydrophobic subviral particle attaches to the inner surface of endosomes and transfers its genomic (+) ssRNA into the cytosol. The RNA leaves the virus starting with the poly(A) tail at its 3′-end and passes through a membrane pore contiguous with one of the holes in the capsid wall. Alternatively, the endosome is disrupted and the RNA freely diffuses into the cytoplasm.http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2012/826301 |
| spellingShingle | Renate Fuchs Dieter Blaas Productive Entry Pathways of Human Rhinoviruses Advances in Virology |
| title | Productive Entry Pathways of Human Rhinoviruses |
| title_full | Productive Entry Pathways of Human Rhinoviruses |
| title_fullStr | Productive Entry Pathways of Human Rhinoviruses |
| title_full_unstemmed | Productive Entry Pathways of Human Rhinoviruses |
| title_short | Productive Entry Pathways of Human Rhinoviruses |
| title_sort | productive entry pathways of human rhinoviruses |
| url | http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2012/826301 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT renatefuchs productiveentrypathwaysofhumanrhinoviruses AT dieterblaas productiveentrypathwaysofhumanrhinoviruses |