Associations of PM2.5 and its components with term preterm rupture of membranes: a retrospective study
Background There is evidence that fine particulate matter (PM2.5) exposure is associated with premature rupture of membranes (PROM); however, studies of its effect on term PROM (TPROM) are limited, and the results are inconsistent. Objective This study aimed to investigate the association between ex...
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PeerJ Inc.
2025-01-01
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| author | Jiangxia Qin Weiling Liu Haidong Zou Chong Zeng Cifeng Gao Weiqi Liu |
| author_facet | Jiangxia Qin Weiling Liu Haidong Zou Chong Zeng Cifeng Gao Weiqi Liu |
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| description | Background There is evidence that fine particulate matter (PM2.5) exposure is associated with premature rupture of membranes (PROM); however, studies of its effect on term PROM (TPROM) are limited, and the results are inconsistent. Objective This study aimed to investigate the association between exposure to PM2.5 and its components and the risk of TPROM. Methods From 2018 to 2022, we collected delivery data from pregnant women in Guangzhou. Using 1:1 case matching, we included 1,216 TPROM cases and 1,216 controls. PM2.5 and its component concentrations were obtained from Tracking Air Pollution in China. The time-varying mean concentration method was used to estimate exposure to PM2.5 and its components during different trimesters. Cox proportional hazards models were used to calculate hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) to evaluate the associations of exposure to PM2.5 and its components with the risk of TPROM. Results The incidence of TPROM in this study was 19.66%. After adjusting for potential confounders, statistically significant associations were found between TPROM and exposure to PM2.5, nitrate ( ${\mathrm{NO}}_{3}^{-}$ NO 3 − ), ammonium ( ${\mathrm{NH}}_{4}^{+}$ NH 4 + ), and black carbon (BC) during the second trimester and between TPROM and exposure to PM2.5, sulphate ( ${\mathrm{SO}}_{4}^{2-}$ SO 4 2 − ), and BC during the third trimester. Specifically, the interquartile range (IQR) 3 (IQR3) and IQR4 of ${\mathrm{SO}}_{4}^{2-}$ SO 4 2 − exposure during the third trimester increased the risk of TPROM by 18% (95% CIs [1.01–1.39]) and 18% (95% CIs [1.01–1.39]), respectively. A nonlinear relationship was observed between exposure to PM2.5, ${\mathrm{SO}}_{4}^{2-}$ SO 4 2 − , ${\mathrm{NH}}_{4}^{+}$ NH 4 + , and OM during the second trimester and the risk of TPROM. No significant interactions were found between PM2.5 and its components with TPROM across various subgroups. Conclusion Our findings indicate significant associations between the risk of TPROM and exposure to PM2.5 and several of its components during pregnancy. Contribute to the literature on the associations of PM2.5 and its components with TPROM. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-811be89d09f2436da35afeaa982eee11 |
| institution | Kabale University |
| issn | 2167-8359 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-01-01 |
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| spelling | doaj-art-811be89d09f2436da35afeaa982eee112025-02-02T15:05:16ZengPeerJ Inc.PeerJ2167-83592025-01-0113e1888610.7717/peerj.18886Associations of PM2.5 and its components with term preterm rupture of membranes: a retrospective studyJiangxia Qin0Weiling Liu1Haidong Zou2Chong Zeng3Cifeng Gao4Weiqi Liu5Department of Obstetrics, The Maternal and Children Health Care Hospital (Huzhong Hospital) of Huadu, Guangzhou, ChinaDepartment of Clinical Laboratory, Foshan Fosun Chancheng Hospital, Guangzhou, ChinaDepartment of Obstetrics, The Maternal and Children Health Care Hospital (Huzhong Hospital) of Huadu, Guangzhou, ChinaDepartment of Microbiology and Immunology; Institute of Geriatric Immunology; School of Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, ChinaPersonnel Section, The Maternal and Children Health Care Hospital (Huzhong Hospital) of Huadu, Guangzhou, ChinaDepartment of Clinical Laboratory, The Maternal and Children Health Care Hospital (Huzhong Hospital) of Huadu, Guangzhou, ChinaBackground There is evidence that fine particulate matter (PM2.5) exposure is associated with premature rupture of membranes (PROM); however, studies of its effect on term PROM (TPROM) are limited, and the results are inconsistent. Objective This study aimed to investigate the association between exposure to PM2.5 and its components and the risk of TPROM. Methods From 2018 to 2022, we collected delivery data from pregnant women in Guangzhou. Using 1:1 case matching, we included 1,216 TPROM cases and 1,216 controls. PM2.5 and its component concentrations were obtained from Tracking Air Pollution in China. The time-varying mean concentration method was used to estimate exposure to PM2.5 and its components during different trimesters. Cox proportional hazards models were used to calculate hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) to evaluate the associations of exposure to PM2.5 and its components with the risk of TPROM. Results The incidence of TPROM in this study was 19.66%. After adjusting for potential confounders, statistically significant associations were found between TPROM and exposure to PM2.5, nitrate ( ${\mathrm{NO}}_{3}^{-}$ NO 3 − ), ammonium ( ${\mathrm{NH}}_{4}^{+}$ NH 4 + ), and black carbon (BC) during the second trimester and between TPROM and exposure to PM2.5, sulphate ( ${\mathrm{SO}}_{4}^{2-}$ SO 4 2 − ), and BC during the third trimester. Specifically, the interquartile range (IQR) 3 (IQR3) and IQR4 of ${\mathrm{SO}}_{4}^{2-}$ SO 4 2 − exposure during the third trimester increased the risk of TPROM by 18% (95% CIs [1.01–1.39]) and 18% (95% CIs [1.01–1.39]), respectively. A nonlinear relationship was observed between exposure to PM2.5, ${\mathrm{SO}}_{4}^{2-}$ SO 4 2 − , ${\mathrm{NH}}_{4}^{+}$ NH 4 + , and OM during the second trimester and the risk of TPROM. No significant interactions were found between PM2.5 and its components with TPROM across various subgroups. Conclusion Our findings indicate significant associations between the risk of TPROM and exposure to PM2.5 and several of its components during pregnancy. Contribute to the literature on the associations of PM2.5 and its components with TPROM.https://peerj.com/articles/18886.pdfPremature rupture of membranesFine particulate matterPM2.5 componentsHazard ratios |
| spellingShingle | Jiangxia Qin Weiling Liu Haidong Zou Chong Zeng Cifeng Gao Weiqi Liu Associations of PM2.5 and its components with term preterm rupture of membranes: a retrospective study PeerJ Premature rupture of membranes Fine particulate matter PM2.5 components Hazard ratios |
| title | Associations of PM2.5 and its components with term preterm rupture of membranes: a retrospective study |
| title_full | Associations of PM2.5 and its components with term preterm rupture of membranes: a retrospective study |
| title_fullStr | Associations of PM2.5 and its components with term preterm rupture of membranes: a retrospective study |
| title_full_unstemmed | Associations of PM2.5 and its components with term preterm rupture of membranes: a retrospective study |
| title_short | Associations of PM2.5 and its components with term preterm rupture of membranes: a retrospective study |
| title_sort | associations of pm2 5 and its components with term preterm rupture of membranes a retrospective study |
| topic | Premature rupture of membranes Fine particulate matter PM2.5 components Hazard ratios |
| url | https://peerj.com/articles/18886.pdf |
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