Novel Fast-Setting and Mechanically-Strong Calcium Phosphate Pulp-Capping Cement with Metformin Release to Enhance Dental Pulp Stem Cells
Traditional pulp-capping materials like mineral trioxide aggregate (MTA) offer excellent biocompatibility and sealing, but limitations such as prolonged setting time, low bioactivity, and high costs persist. Metformin, with its potential in craniofacial regeneration, could enhance dentin synthesis b...
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MDPI AG
2024-12-01
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| Series: | Bioengineering |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2306-5354/12/1/13 |
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| author | Mohammad Alenizy Abdullah Alhussein Nader Almutairi Ibrahim Ba-Armah Tao Ma Suping Wang Nageswara R. Pilli Maureen A. Kane Michael D. Weir Abraham Schneider Hockin H. K. Xu |
| author_facet | Mohammad Alenizy Abdullah Alhussein Nader Almutairi Ibrahim Ba-Armah Tao Ma Suping Wang Nageswara R. Pilli Maureen A. Kane Michael D. Weir Abraham Schneider Hockin H. K. Xu |
| author_sort | Mohammad Alenizy |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Traditional pulp-capping materials like mineral trioxide aggregate (MTA) offer excellent biocompatibility and sealing, but limitations such as prolonged setting time, low bioactivity, and high costs persist. Metformin, with its potential in craniofacial regeneration, could enhance dentin synthesis by targeting pulp cells. This study aimed to: (1) develop a calcium phosphate cement with chitosan (CPCC) with improved physio-mechanical properties; (2) incorporate metformin (CPCC-Met) to assess release; and (3) evaluate human dental pulp stem cells (hDPSCs) response. CPCC was mixed at different powder-to-liquid ratios to evaluate physio-mechanical properties compared to MTA. The optimized CPCC formulation was loaded with 0, 50, 100, and 150 µg of metformin to measure release and assess hDPSCs attachment and proliferation (1, 4, and 7 d) via live/dead imaging and SEM. One-way ANOVA was used for statistical analysis. Results showed CPCC at a 3.25:1 ratio significantly reduced setting time to 41.5 min versus 123 min for MTA (<i>p</i> < 0.05). Metformin release correlated with concentration, and SEM confirmed the presence of a porous, hydroxyapatite-rich surface. Cell viability was consistently high across groups (>93% at 1 d, >95% at 4 d, ≈98% at 7 d), with no significant differences (<i>p</i> > 0.05). These findings suggest that the novel CPCC-Met demonstrates promise as a fast-setting, cost-effective pulp-capping material, offering metformin delivery to enhance dentin repair. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-8073659bbb2d4bf6b86209c96722488b |
| institution | Kabale University |
| issn | 2306-5354 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2024-12-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Bioengineering |
| spelling | doaj-art-8073659bbb2d4bf6b86209c96722488b2025-01-24T13:22:57ZengMDPI AGBioengineering2306-53542024-12-011211310.3390/bioengineering12010013Novel Fast-Setting and Mechanically-Strong Calcium Phosphate Pulp-Capping Cement with Metformin Release to Enhance Dental Pulp Stem CellsMohammad Alenizy0Abdullah Alhussein1Nader Almutairi2Ibrahim Ba-Armah3Tao Ma4Suping Wang5Nageswara R. Pilli6Maureen A. Kane7Michael D. Weir8Abraham Schneider9Hockin H. K. Xu10Dental Biomedical Sciences Ph.D. Program, Graduate School, University of Maryland, Baltimore, MD 21201, USADepartment of Restorative Dental Science, College of Dentistry, King Saud University, P.O. Box 60169, Riyadh 11545, Saudi ArabiaDental Biomedical Sciences Ph.D. Program, Graduate School, University of Maryland, Baltimore, MD 21201, USADental Biomedical Sciences Ph.D. Program, Graduate School, University of Maryland, Baltimore, MD 21201, USADepartment of Oncology and Diagnostic Sciences, School of Dentistry, University of Maryland, Baltimore, MD 21201, USAStomatology Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450052, ChinaDepartment of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy Mass Spectrometry Center, University of Maryland, Baltimore, MD 21201, USADepartment of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy Mass Spectrometry Center, University of Maryland, Baltimore, MD 21201, USADepartment of Biomaterials and Regenerative Dental Medicine, University Maryland School of Dentistry, Baltimore, MD 21201, USADepartment of Oncology and Diagnostic Sciences, School of Dentistry, University of Maryland, Baltimore, MD 21201, USADepartment of Biomaterials and Regenerative Dental Medicine, University Maryland School of Dentistry, Baltimore, MD 21201, USATraditional pulp-capping materials like mineral trioxide aggregate (MTA) offer excellent biocompatibility and sealing, but limitations such as prolonged setting time, low bioactivity, and high costs persist. Metformin, with its potential in craniofacial regeneration, could enhance dentin synthesis by targeting pulp cells. This study aimed to: (1) develop a calcium phosphate cement with chitosan (CPCC) with improved physio-mechanical properties; (2) incorporate metformin (CPCC-Met) to assess release; and (3) evaluate human dental pulp stem cells (hDPSCs) response. CPCC was mixed at different powder-to-liquid ratios to evaluate physio-mechanical properties compared to MTA. The optimized CPCC formulation was loaded with 0, 50, 100, and 150 µg of metformin to measure release and assess hDPSCs attachment and proliferation (1, 4, and 7 d) via live/dead imaging and SEM. One-way ANOVA was used for statistical analysis. Results showed CPCC at a 3.25:1 ratio significantly reduced setting time to 41.5 min versus 123 min for MTA (<i>p</i> < 0.05). Metformin release correlated with concentration, and SEM confirmed the presence of a porous, hydroxyapatite-rich surface. Cell viability was consistently high across groups (>93% at 1 d, >95% at 4 d, ≈98% at 7 d), with no significant differences (<i>p</i> > 0.05). These findings suggest that the novel CPCC-Met demonstrates promise as a fast-setting, cost-effective pulp-capping material, offering metformin delivery to enhance dentin repair.https://www.mdpi.com/2306-5354/12/1/13dentin regenerationdirect pulp cappingbioactive materialchitosanmetforminbiocompatibility |
| spellingShingle | Mohammad Alenizy Abdullah Alhussein Nader Almutairi Ibrahim Ba-Armah Tao Ma Suping Wang Nageswara R. Pilli Maureen A. Kane Michael D. Weir Abraham Schneider Hockin H. K. Xu Novel Fast-Setting and Mechanically-Strong Calcium Phosphate Pulp-Capping Cement with Metformin Release to Enhance Dental Pulp Stem Cells Bioengineering dentin regeneration direct pulp capping bioactive material chitosan metformin biocompatibility |
| title | Novel Fast-Setting and Mechanically-Strong Calcium Phosphate Pulp-Capping Cement with Metformin Release to Enhance Dental Pulp Stem Cells |
| title_full | Novel Fast-Setting and Mechanically-Strong Calcium Phosphate Pulp-Capping Cement with Metformin Release to Enhance Dental Pulp Stem Cells |
| title_fullStr | Novel Fast-Setting and Mechanically-Strong Calcium Phosphate Pulp-Capping Cement with Metformin Release to Enhance Dental Pulp Stem Cells |
| title_full_unstemmed | Novel Fast-Setting and Mechanically-Strong Calcium Phosphate Pulp-Capping Cement with Metformin Release to Enhance Dental Pulp Stem Cells |
| title_short | Novel Fast-Setting and Mechanically-Strong Calcium Phosphate Pulp-Capping Cement with Metformin Release to Enhance Dental Pulp Stem Cells |
| title_sort | novel fast setting and mechanically strong calcium phosphate pulp capping cement with metformin release to enhance dental pulp stem cells |
| topic | dentin regeneration direct pulp capping bioactive material chitosan metformin biocompatibility |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2306-5354/12/1/13 |
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