Association of cigarette smoking with cardiometabolic risk factors: A cross-sectional study
Introduction Despite strong and consistent epidemiological evidence linking cigarette smoking to several cardiovascular diseases (CVDs), the association between smoking intensity and CVD risk factors remains unclear. This study aimed to explore the possible effects of cigarette smoking on cardiometa...
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| Main Authors: | , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
European Publishing
2024-07-01
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| Series: | Tobacco Induced Diseases |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://www.tobaccoinduceddiseases.org/Association-of-cigarette-smoking-with-cardiometabolic-risk-factors-A-cross-sectional,191246,0,2.html |
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| Summary: | Introduction
Despite strong and consistent epidemiological evidence linking
cigarette smoking to several cardiovascular diseases (CVDs), the association
between smoking intensity and CVD risk factors remains unclear. This study
aimed to explore the possible effects of cigarette smoking on cardiometabolic
risk in healthy individuals.
Methods
This cross-sectional study was conducted between November 2022
and June 2023. Consecutive sampling was performed to include 160 healthy
participants: 100 smokers with 60 males and 40 females; and 60 age- and sexmatched
non-smokers with 36 males and 24 females. Blood samples were taken
from each participant to assess their cardiometabolic function: lipid profile, von
Willebrand factor (vWF), high-sensitivity cardiac troponin I (hs-cTnI), and
fibrinogen levels; and liver function using an automated enzymatic method. In
addition, blood sugar level, body mass index (BMI), and blood pressure were
recorded.
Results
Smokers had significantly higher vWF functional activity and hs-cTnI but
significantly lower albumin and total bilirubin levels than non-smokers (65.87 ±
19.07 vs 56.45 ± 6.59, respectively, p<0.001; 0.0382 ± 0.0077 vs 0.0147 ± 0.0105,
respectively, p<0.001; and 4.63 ± 0.32 vs 4.74 ± 0.28, respectively, p=0.026). The
number of cigarettes consumed daily was associated positively and significantly
with plasma levels of low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein
cholesterol, vWF functional activity, and hs-cTnI but were negatively associated
with total bilirubin. Moreover, heavy smokers had a significantly higher BMI and
waist-to-hip ratio among male smokers than non-smokers.
Conclusions
Cigarette smoking was associated with increased dyslipidemia, BMI,
and central obesity, in addition to higher vWF functional activity. Altogether,
increased hs-cTnI levels in smokers indicate a higher susceptibility to CVD. |
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| ISSN: | 1617-9625 |