Garlic Extracts Nanoliposome as an Enhancer of Bioavailability of ABA and Thiamine Content and as an Antifungal Agent Against <i>Fusarium oxysporum</i> f. sp. <i>pisi</i> Infecting <i>Pisum sativum</i>

<i>Fusarium</i> infections in <i>Pisum sativum</i> L. crops present a major constraint to cultivation, leading to substantial yield losses. However, effective disease management strategies, particularly the implementation of biological control methods, offer promising approac...

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Main Authors: Barbara Kutasy, Géza Hegedűs, Márta Kiniczky, József Péter Pallos, Ágnes Nagy, István Pócsi, Klaudia Pákozdi, Máté Kállai, Csaba Weingart, Katalin Andor, Bettina Kovács, Eszter Virág
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: MDPI AG 2025-04-01
Series:Agronomy
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Online Access:https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4395/15/4/991
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author Barbara Kutasy
Géza Hegedűs
Márta Kiniczky
József Péter Pallos
Ágnes Nagy
István Pócsi
Klaudia Pákozdi
Máté Kállai
Csaba Weingart
Katalin Andor
Bettina Kovács
Eszter Virág
author_facet Barbara Kutasy
Géza Hegedűs
Márta Kiniczky
József Péter Pallos
Ágnes Nagy
István Pócsi
Klaudia Pákozdi
Máté Kállai
Csaba Weingart
Katalin Andor
Bettina Kovács
Eszter Virág
author_sort Barbara Kutasy
collection DOAJ
description <i>Fusarium</i> infections in <i>Pisum sativum</i> L. crops present a major constraint to cultivation, leading to substantial yield losses. However, effective disease management strategies, particularly the implementation of biological control methods, offer promising approaches for mitigating infection severity and limiting pathogen spread. In <i>P. sativum</i> cultivation, pathogen control is particularly challenging due to the limited penetration of pesticides into the leaves. This is attributed to the dense crystalline plate structure within the leaf cuticle, which acts as a barrier, reducing the efficacy of conventional chemical treatments. Therefore, optimizing the formulation of biopesticides and plant conditioning agents is essential to improve the absorption and bioavailability of active ingredients, ensuring more effective disease management in <i>P. sativum</i> cultivation. This study examined the exogenous effects of garlic extracts in different formulations, including EliceVakcina (liposomal formulation), Garlic-lipo (liposomal formulation), and Garlic-oil (oil-based formulation), which contained high concentrations of abscisic acid (ABA) at 6.3, 81, and 80.4 µg g<sup>−1</sup>, respectively. Transcriptomic profiling, including the identification of Differentially expressed genes (DEGs) and KEGG pathway analysis of EliceVakcina-treated field samples, revealed a significant upregulation of stress- and defence-related genes, as well as pathways associated with thiamine metabolism and ABA signalling. Notably, key defence genes, including pathogenesis-related (PR1, PR2, PR4, PR5) and SnRK2, were overexpressed, indicating an enhanced stress response. HPLC-DAD analytical investigations confirmed the activation of the thiamine biosynthesis pathway, demonstrating a 14.3% increase in vitamin B1 content. Furthermore, the absence of <i>Fusarium</i> infection in the treated small-plot field cultures suggests that the tested garlic extracts formulation functions as a promising preventive biostimulant against plant fungal diseases.
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spelling doaj-art-7f83b167a5c3473b9d440aceafcadcd42025-08-20T02:28:27ZengMDPI AGAgronomy2073-43952025-04-0115499110.3390/agronomy15040991Garlic Extracts Nanoliposome as an Enhancer of Bioavailability of ABA and Thiamine Content and as an Antifungal Agent Against <i>Fusarium oxysporum</i> f. sp. <i>pisi</i> Infecting <i>Pisum sativum</i>Barbara Kutasy0Géza Hegedűs1Márta Kiniczky2József Péter Pallos3Ágnes Nagy4István Pócsi5Klaudia Pákozdi6Máté Kállai7Csaba Weingart8Katalin Andor9Bettina Kovács10Eszter Virág11Research Institute for Medicinal Plants and Herbs Ltd., Lupaszigeti Str. 4, 2011 Budakalász, HungaryResearch Institute for Medicinal Plants and Herbs Ltd., Lupaszigeti Str. 4, 2011 Budakalász, HungaryResearch Institute for Medicinal Plants and Herbs Ltd., Lupaszigeti Str. 4, 2011 Budakalász, HungaryResearch Institute for Medicinal Plants and Herbs Ltd., Lupaszigeti Str. 4, 2011 Budakalász, HungaryResearch Institute for Medicinal Plants and Herbs Ltd., Lupaszigeti Str. 4, 2011 Budakalász, HungaryDepartment of Molecular Biotechnology and Microbiology, Institute of Biotechnology, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Debrecen, Egyetem Sq. 1, 4032 Debrecen, HungaryResearch Institute for Medicinal Plants and Herbs Ltd., Lupaszigeti Str. 4, 2011 Budakalász, HungaryResearch Institute for Medicinal Plants and Herbs Ltd., Lupaszigeti Str. 4, 2011 Budakalász, HungaryResearch Institute for Medicinal Plants and Herbs Ltd., Lupaszigeti Str. 4, 2011 Budakalász, HungaryResearch Institute for Medicinal Plants and Herbs Ltd., Lupaszigeti Str. 4, 2011 Budakalász, HungaryResearch Institute for Medicinal Plants and Herbs Ltd., Lupaszigeti Str. 4, 2011 Budakalász, HungaryResearch Institute for Medicinal Plants and Herbs Ltd., Lupaszigeti Str. 4, 2011 Budakalász, Hungary<i>Fusarium</i> infections in <i>Pisum sativum</i> L. crops present a major constraint to cultivation, leading to substantial yield losses. However, effective disease management strategies, particularly the implementation of biological control methods, offer promising approaches for mitigating infection severity and limiting pathogen spread. In <i>P. sativum</i> cultivation, pathogen control is particularly challenging due to the limited penetration of pesticides into the leaves. This is attributed to the dense crystalline plate structure within the leaf cuticle, which acts as a barrier, reducing the efficacy of conventional chemical treatments. Therefore, optimizing the formulation of biopesticides and plant conditioning agents is essential to improve the absorption and bioavailability of active ingredients, ensuring more effective disease management in <i>P. sativum</i> cultivation. This study examined the exogenous effects of garlic extracts in different formulations, including EliceVakcina (liposomal formulation), Garlic-lipo (liposomal formulation), and Garlic-oil (oil-based formulation), which contained high concentrations of abscisic acid (ABA) at 6.3, 81, and 80.4 µg g<sup>−1</sup>, respectively. Transcriptomic profiling, including the identification of Differentially expressed genes (DEGs) and KEGG pathway analysis of EliceVakcina-treated field samples, revealed a significant upregulation of stress- and defence-related genes, as well as pathways associated with thiamine metabolism and ABA signalling. Notably, key defence genes, including pathogenesis-related (PR1, PR2, PR4, PR5) and SnRK2, were overexpressed, indicating an enhanced stress response. HPLC-DAD analytical investigations confirmed the activation of the thiamine biosynthesis pathway, demonstrating a 14.3% increase in vitamin B1 content. Furthermore, the absence of <i>Fusarium</i> infection in the treated small-plot field cultures suggests that the tested garlic extracts formulation functions as a promising preventive biostimulant against plant fungal diseases.https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4395/15/4/991nanoparticlesbiostimulantsinducers<i>Fusarium</i>abscisic acidtranscriptomic
spellingShingle Barbara Kutasy
Géza Hegedűs
Márta Kiniczky
József Péter Pallos
Ágnes Nagy
István Pócsi
Klaudia Pákozdi
Máté Kállai
Csaba Weingart
Katalin Andor
Bettina Kovács
Eszter Virág
Garlic Extracts Nanoliposome as an Enhancer of Bioavailability of ABA and Thiamine Content and as an Antifungal Agent Against <i>Fusarium oxysporum</i> f. sp. <i>pisi</i> Infecting <i>Pisum sativum</i>
Agronomy
nanoparticles
biostimulants
inducers
<i>Fusarium</i>
abscisic acid
transcriptomic
title Garlic Extracts Nanoliposome as an Enhancer of Bioavailability of ABA and Thiamine Content and as an Antifungal Agent Against <i>Fusarium oxysporum</i> f. sp. <i>pisi</i> Infecting <i>Pisum sativum</i>
title_full Garlic Extracts Nanoliposome as an Enhancer of Bioavailability of ABA and Thiamine Content and as an Antifungal Agent Against <i>Fusarium oxysporum</i> f. sp. <i>pisi</i> Infecting <i>Pisum sativum</i>
title_fullStr Garlic Extracts Nanoliposome as an Enhancer of Bioavailability of ABA and Thiamine Content and as an Antifungal Agent Against <i>Fusarium oxysporum</i> f. sp. <i>pisi</i> Infecting <i>Pisum sativum</i>
title_full_unstemmed Garlic Extracts Nanoliposome as an Enhancer of Bioavailability of ABA and Thiamine Content and as an Antifungal Agent Against <i>Fusarium oxysporum</i> f. sp. <i>pisi</i> Infecting <i>Pisum sativum</i>
title_short Garlic Extracts Nanoliposome as an Enhancer of Bioavailability of ABA and Thiamine Content and as an Antifungal Agent Against <i>Fusarium oxysporum</i> f. sp. <i>pisi</i> Infecting <i>Pisum sativum</i>
title_sort garlic extracts nanoliposome as an enhancer of bioavailability of aba and thiamine content and as an antifungal agent against i fusarium oxysporum i f sp i pisi i infecting i pisum sativum i
topic nanoparticles
biostimulants
inducers
<i>Fusarium</i>
abscisic acid
transcriptomic
url https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4395/15/4/991
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