Polyethylene glycol used as a dispersant potentiates the toxicity of insecticides in mammalian cells rather than insects
Insecticides are used in household products with various dispersants such as polyethylene glycol (PEG) and polyoxyethylene lauryl ether (PLE) to improve solubility. Although certain effects are expected, the combination effects of insecticides and dispersants remain elusive. Here, five different cla...
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Elsevier
2025-02-01
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| Series: | Environment International |
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| Online Access: | http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0160412025000583 |
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| author | Thillaichidambaram Muneeswaran Tanya Bhatt Su Hwan Park Muthuchamy Maruthupandy Minsik Kim Vartika Mathur Jong-Ho Lee Min-Seok Kim Wan-Seob Cho |
| author_facet | Thillaichidambaram Muneeswaran Tanya Bhatt Su Hwan Park Muthuchamy Maruthupandy Minsik Kim Vartika Mathur Jong-Ho Lee Min-Seok Kim Wan-Seob Cho |
| author_sort | Thillaichidambaram Muneeswaran |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Insecticides are used in household products with various dispersants such as polyethylene glycol (PEG) and polyoxyethylene lauryl ether (PLE) to improve solubility. Although certain effects are expected, the combination effects of insecticides and dispersants remain elusive. Here, five different classes of insecticides (i.e., dinotefuran, fipronil, hydramethylnon, indoxacarb, and etofenprox) were dispersed in water, PEG, and PLE, and their lung inflammation potential was evaluated by bronchoalveolar lavage fluid analysis 24 h after intratracheal instillation into the lungs of rats. All chemicals dispersed in water caused no inflammation. However, among the five chemicals dispersed in PEG and PLE, only hydramethylnon showed significant neutrophilic inflammation and hydramethylnon in PEG showed 4-fold higher inflammogenic potential than that in PLE. The in vitro cytotoxic potential of hydramethylnon in PEG was 10–17 fold (in A549) or 12–14 fold (in dTHP-1) higher than that of hydramethylnon in PLE, and greater than 370 fold (in A549) or 65–169 fold (in dTHP-1) higher than that in water. PEG toxicity increased due to the micellar formulation of hydramethylnon in PEG, increasing cellular uptake by simple diffusion. Therefore, the observed potentiation effect highlights that the combination effect of formulation of hydrophobic compounds with dispersants should be carefully evaluated. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-7f660ea288584287afb8fe146f29dd00 |
| institution | Kabale University |
| issn | 0160-4120 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-02-01 |
| publisher | Elsevier |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Environment International |
| spelling | doaj-art-7f660ea288584287afb8fe146f29dd002025-02-06T05:10:58ZengElsevierEnvironment International0160-41202025-02-01196109307Polyethylene glycol used as a dispersant potentiates the toxicity of insecticides in mammalian cells rather than insectsThillaichidambaram Muneeswaran0Tanya Bhatt1Su Hwan Park2Muthuchamy Maruthupandy3Minsik Kim4Vartika Mathur5Jong-Ho Lee6Min-Seok Kim7Wan-Seob Cho8Department of Health Sciences, The Graduate School of Dong-A University, Busan 49315 Republic of KoreaDepartment of Health Sciences, The Graduate School of Dong-A University, Busan 49315 Republic of KoreaDepartment of Health Sciences, The Graduate School of Dong-A University, Busan 49315 Republic of KoreaDepartment of Health Sciences, The Graduate School of Dong-A University, Busan 49315 Republic of KoreaInhalation Toxicity Research Group, Korea Institute of Toxicology, Jeongeup-Si, Jeollabuk-Do 56212, Republic of KoreaAnimal-Plant Interactions Lab, Department of Zoology, Sri Venkateswara College, University of Delhi, New Delhi 110021 Delhi, IndiaDepartment of Health Sciences, The Graduate School of Dong-A University, Busan 49315 Republic of KoreaInhalation Toxicity Research Group, Korea Institute of Toxicology, Jeongeup-Si, Jeollabuk-Do 56212, Republic of Korea; Corresponding authors.Department of Health Sciences, The Graduate School of Dong-A University, Busan 49315 Republic of Korea; Corresponding authors.Insecticides are used in household products with various dispersants such as polyethylene glycol (PEG) and polyoxyethylene lauryl ether (PLE) to improve solubility. Although certain effects are expected, the combination effects of insecticides and dispersants remain elusive. Here, five different classes of insecticides (i.e., dinotefuran, fipronil, hydramethylnon, indoxacarb, and etofenprox) were dispersed in water, PEG, and PLE, and their lung inflammation potential was evaluated by bronchoalveolar lavage fluid analysis 24 h after intratracheal instillation into the lungs of rats. All chemicals dispersed in water caused no inflammation. However, among the five chemicals dispersed in PEG and PLE, only hydramethylnon showed significant neutrophilic inflammation and hydramethylnon in PEG showed 4-fold higher inflammogenic potential than that in PLE. The in vitro cytotoxic potential of hydramethylnon in PEG was 10–17 fold (in A549) or 12–14 fold (in dTHP-1) higher than that of hydramethylnon in PLE, and greater than 370 fold (in A549) or 65–169 fold (in dTHP-1) higher than that in water. PEG toxicity increased due to the micellar formulation of hydramethylnon in PEG, increasing cellular uptake by simple diffusion. Therefore, the observed potentiation effect highlights that the combination effect of formulation of hydrophobic compounds with dispersants should be carefully evaluated.http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0160412025000583Household chemicalHydramethylnonCombination effectSolubilizerInhalation toxicity |
| spellingShingle | Thillaichidambaram Muneeswaran Tanya Bhatt Su Hwan Park Muthuchamy Maruthupandy Minsik Kim Vartika Mathur Jong-Ho Lee Min-Seok Kim Wan-Seob Cho Polyethylene glycol used as a dispersant potentiates the toxicity of insecticides in mammalian cells rather than insects Environment International Household chemical Hydramethylnon Combination effect Solubilizer Inhalation toxicity |
| title | Polyethylene glycol used as a dispersant potentiates the toxicity of insecticides in mammalian cells rather than insects |
| title_full | Polyethylene glycol used as a dispersant potentiates the toxicity of insecticides in mammalian cells rather than insects |
| title_fullStr | Polyethylene glycol used as a dispersant potentiates the toxicity of insecticides in mammalian cells rather than insects |
| title_full_unstemmed | Polyethylene glycol used as a dispersant potentiates the toxicity of insecticides in mammalian cells rather than insects |
| title_short | Polyethylene glycol used as a dispersant potentiates the toxicity of insecticides in mammalian cells rather than insects |
| title_sort | polyethylene glycol used as a dispersant potentiates the toxicity of insecticides in mammalian cells rather than insects |
| topic | Household chemical Hydramethylnon Combination effect Solubilizer Inhalation toxicity |
| url | http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0160412025000583 |
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