Assessment of the relationship between urinary iodine level and thyroid dysfunction among children in South India- A case-control study
Background: A universal salt iodization program was implemented in India to eradicate Iodine Deficiency Disorders (IDD) in children. Iodine deficiency is eliminated but excess iodine in children could lead to complications in the thyroid gland. Aim and Objectives: To assess urinary iodine levels and...
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Krishna Vishwa Vidyapeeth (Deemed to be University), Karad
2024-07-01
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| Series: | Journal of Krishna Institute of Medical Sciences University |
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| Online Access: | https://www.jkimsu.com/jkimsu-vol13no3/JKIMSU,%20Vol.%2013,%20No.%203,%20July-September%202024%20Page%2071-79.pdf |
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| author | Vignesh Sivaraj Subbarayan Sarojini Arul Suyambunathan V Suresh Pichandi Desigamani Kanniyappan Ramadevi Kanakasabapathi |
| author_facet | Vignesh Sivaraj Subbarayan Sarojini Arul Suyambunathan V Suresh Pichandi Desigamani Kanniyappan Ramadevi Kanakasabapathi |
| author_sort | Vignesh Sivaraj |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Background: A universal salt iodization program was implemented in India to eradicate Iodine Deficiency Disorders (IDD) in children. Iodine deficiency is eliminated but excess iodine in children could lead to complications in the thyroid gland. Aim and Objectives: To assess urinary iodine levels and thyroid dysfunction among children. Material and Methods: One hundred children between the ages of 6 to 12 years with thyroid dysfunctions and 100 age- and gender-matched healthy children were enrolled in the case-control groups respectively. All subjects were measured for urinary iodine, thyroid profile, anti-microsomal antibody, and anti-thyroglobulin antibody levels. Goiter grading and Fine Needle Aspiration Cytology (FNAC) were performed. Results: Elevated levels of urinary iodine were found in 77% of the case population. Hypothyroidism (66%), hyperthyroidism (11%), and benign goiter (23%) thyroid complications were observed in the case group. FNAC and autoantibody reports confirmed 66% of autoimmune thyroiditis found in the case group. Conclusion: Higher levels of urinary iodine excretion suggest the consumption of excess iodine intake in children. An elevated level of autoantibodies with iodine excess may lead to thyroid complications such as thyroiditis, thyrotoxicosis, and benign goiter in children. So, a continuous supply of iodized salt should be monitored carefully. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-7f25fc80ccc447899891e65351134a25 |
| institution | Kabale University |
| issn | 2231-4261 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2024-07-01 |
| publisher | Krishna Vishwa Vidyapeeth (Deemed to be University), Karad |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Journal of Krishna Institute of Medical Sciences University |
| spelling | doaj-art-7f25fc80ccc447899891e65351134a252025-02-02T09:21:29ZengKrishna Vishwa Vidyapeeth (Deemed to be University), KaradJournal of Krishna Institute of Medical Sciences University2231-42612024-07-011337179Assessment of the relationship between urinary iodine level and thyroid dysfunction among children in South India- A case-control studyVignesh Sivaraj0Subbarayan Sarojini1Arul Suyambunathan V 2 Suresh Pichandi3Desigamani Kanniyappan4Ramadevi Kanakasabapathi5Department of Pediatrics, Aarupadai Veedu Medical College and Hospital, Kirumampakkam-607403, (Puducherry) IndiaDepartment of Pediatrics, Madha Medical College & Research Institute Kovur, Chennai- 600128 (Tamilnadu) IndiaDepartment of Biochemistry, Sri Venkateshwaraa Medical College and Research Centre, Ariyur-605102 (Puducherry) IndiaDepartment of Biochemistry, Sri Venkateshwaraa Medical College and Research Centre, Ariyur-605102 (Puducherry) IndiaDepartment of Biochemistry, Madha Medical College & Research Institute Kovur, Chennai-600128, (Tamilnadu) IndiaDepartment of Biochemistry, Government Viluppuram Medical College and Hospital, Viluppuram 605601 (Tamilnadu) IndiaBackground: A universal salt iodization program was implemented in India to eradicate Iodine Deficiency Disorders (IDD) in children. Iodine deficiency is eliminated but excess iodine in children could lead to complications in the thyroid gland. Aim and Objectives: To assess urinary iodine levels and thyroid dysfunction among children. Material and Methods: One hundred children between the ages of 6 to 12 years with thyroid dysfunctions and 100 age- and gender-matched healthy children were enrolled in the case-control groups respectively. All subjects were measured for urinary iodine, thyroid profile, anti-microsomal antibody, and anti-thyroglobulin antibody levels. Goiter grading and Fine Needle Aspiration Cytology (FNAC) were performed. Results: Elevated levels of urinary iodine were found in 77% of the case population. Hypothyroidism (66%), hyperthyroidism (11%), and benign goiter (23%) thyroid complications were observed in the case group. FNAC and autoantibody reports confirmed 66% of autoimmune thyroiditis found in the case group. Conclusion: Higher levels of urinary iodine excretion suggest the consumption of excess iodine intake in children. An elevated level of autoantibodies with iodine excess may lead to thyroid complications such as thyroiditis, thyrotoxicosis, and benign goiter in children. So, a continuous supply of iodized salt should be monitored carefully.https://www.jkimsu.com/jkimsu-vol13no3/JKIMSU,%20Vol.%2013,%20No.%203,%20July-September%202024%20Page%2071-79.pdfuniversal salt iodizationiodine excessanti-microsomal antibodyurinary iodine excretionthyrotoxicosis |
| spellingShingle | Vignesh Sivaraj Subbarayan Sarojini Arul Suyambunathan V Suresh Pichandi Desigamani Kanniyappan Ramadevi Kanakasabapathi Assessment of the relationship between urinary iodine level and thyroid dysfunction among children in South India- A case-control study Journal of Krishna Institute of Medical Sciences University universal salt iodization iodine excess anti-microsomal antibody urinary iodine excretion thyrotoxicosis |
| title | Assessment of the relationship between urinary iodine level and thyroid dysfunction among children in South India- A case-control study |
| title_full | Assessment of the relationship between urinary iodine level and thyroid dysfunction among children in South India- A case-control study |
| title_fullStr | Assessment of the relationship between urinary iodine level and thyroid dysfunction among children in South India- A case-control study |
| title_full_unstemmed | Assessment of the relationship between urinary iodine level and thyroid dysfunction among children in South India- A case-control study |
| title_short | Assessment of the relationship between urinary iodine level and thyroid dysfunction among children in South India- A case-control study |
| title_sort | assessment of the relationship between urinary iodine level and thyroid dysfunction among children in south india a case control study |
| topic | universal salt iodization iodine excess anti-microsomal antibody urinary iodine excretion thyrotoxicosis |
| url | https://www.jkimsu.com/jkimsu-vol13no3/JKIMSU,%20Vol.%2013,%20No.%203,%20July-September%202024%20Page%2071-79.pdf |
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