Unravelling the role of secretory Immnuoglobulin-A in COVID-19: a multicentre study in nursing homes during the first wave
Abstract Background The function of mucosal secretory IgA (SIgA) seems to be paramount in the immune response against SARS-CoV-2 however, there are few studies addressing this issue specifically in the institutionalized older population. This study aims to determine the levels of secretory IgA again...
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BMC
2024-10-01
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| Series: | BMC Geriatrics |
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| Online Access: | https://doi.org/10.1186/s12877-024-05402-6 |
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| author | Rafael Bielza Patricia Pérez Nuria García Laura Ballesteros-Sanabria Rosa María Martínez Azam Ghazi Clara Hernando María Victoria Rodríguez Israel J. Thuissard Cristina Andreu-Vázquez José Manuel Bautista |
| author_facet | Rafael Bielza Patricia Pérez Nuria García Laura Ballesteros-Sanabria Rosa María Martínez Azam Ghazi Clara Hernando María Victoria Rodríguez Israel J. Thuissard Cristina Andreu-Vázquez José Manuel Bautista |
| author_sort | Rafael Bielza |
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| description | Abstract Background The function of mucosal secretory IgA (SIgA) seems to be paramount in the immune response against SARS-CoV-2 however, there are few studies addressing this issue specifically in the institutionalized older population. This study aims to determine the levels of secretory IgA against the S1 domain of the SARS-CoV-2 spike (SIgA-S1) in older people living in nursing homes (NH) and to investigate the differences in baseline characteristics, severity of COVID-19, duration of symptoms, 30-day mortality, and reinfection according to the levels of SIgA-S1. Methods In this multicentre longitudinal study, conducted in two NHs attended in coordination with a hospital-based Geriatric team, 305 residents (87.3 years, 74.4% female) were included. A massive collection of nasopharyngeal samples was carried out after the first wave of COVID-19 in May 2020 and an ELISA analysis of SIgA-S1 was performed on frozen samples in May 2023. Values of SIgA-S1 ≥ 57.6 U/mL (“cut-off point”) were considered “induced”. Resident medical records were reviewed to assess symptoms, comprehensive geriatric assessment (CGA), reinfection, and overall 30-day mortality. Results At the time of sample collection, 274 residents (89.8%) exhibited “induced” SIgA-S1 levels (≥ 57.6 U/mL), 46 (15.1%) tested positive for PCR SARS-CoV-2, and 170 (57%) had experienced COVID-19 symptoms. “Induced” SIgA-S1 patients were more likely to be symptomatic (60.3% vs. 29%; p < 0.001) and exhibited upper respiratory tract symptoms more frequently (25.1% vs. 6.5%; p = 0.020) compared to “non-induced” patients. Patients with severe disease and duration of symptoms > 10 days had higher levels of SIgA-S1 than those with mild disease (252 vs.192.6 U/mL; p = 0.012) or duration ≤ 10 days (270.5 vs. 208.1 U/mL; p = 0.043), respectively. No significant differences were observed in age, sex, CGA, duration of symptoms, disease severity, overall 30-day-mortality, or reinfection between “induced” and “non-induced” residents. Conclusions Levels of SIgA-S1 are associated with the duration and type of COVID-19 symptoms, along with the severity of infection. While these findings shed light on the knowledge of SIgA-S1, further interdisciplinary studies are warranted to better understand the immune response to SARS-CoV-2 infection. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-7ee8a27e580a4b769ae4f7737ba43a7c |
| institution | Kabale University |
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| language | English |
| publishDate | 2024-10-01 |
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| series | BMC Geriatrics |
| spelling | doaj-art-7ee8a27e580a4b769ae4f7737ba43a7c2025-02-02T12:41:52ZengBMCBMC Geriatrics1471-23182024-10-0124111210.1186/s12877-024-05402-6Unravelling the role of secretory Immnuoglobulin-A in COVID-19: a multicentre study in nursing homes during the first waveRafael Bielza0Patricia Pérez1Nuria García2Laura Ballesteros-Sanabria3Rosa María Martínez4Azam Ghazi5Clara Hernando6María Victoria Rodríguez7Israel J. Thuissard8Cristina Andreu-Vázquez9José Manuel Bautista10Department of Geriatric Medicine, Infanta Sofía University Hospital. FIIB HUIS HUHENDepartment of Geriatric Medicine, Infanta Sofía University Hospital. FIIB HUIS HUHENDepartment of Geriatric Medicine, Infanta Sofía University Hospital. FIIB HUIS HUHENComplutense University of MadridDepartment of Geriatric Medicine, Infanta Sofía University Hospital. FIIB HUIS HUHENComplutense University of MadridDepartment of Geriatric Medicine, Infanta Sofía University Hospital. FIIB HUIS HUHENDepartment of Geriatric Medicine, Infanta Sofía University Hospital. FIIB HUIS HUHENFaculty of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Department of Medicine, European University of MadridFaculty of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Department of Medicine, European University of MadridComplutense University of MadridAbstract Background The function of mucosal secretory IgA (SIgA) seems to be paramount in the immune response against SARS-CoV-2 however, there are few studies addressing this issue specifically in the institutionalized older population. This study aims to determine the levels of secretory IgA against the S1 domain of the SARS-CoV-2 spike (SIgA-S1) in older people living in nursing homes (NH) and to investigate the differences in baseline characteristics, severity of COVID-19, duration of symptoms, 30-day mortality, and reinfection according to the levels of SIgA-S1. Methods In this multicentre longitudinal study, conducted in two NHs attended in coordination with a hospital-based Geriatric team, 305 residents (87.3 years, 74.4% female) were included. A massive collection of nasopharyngeal samples was carried out after the first wave of COVID-19 in May 2020 and an ELISA analysis of SIgA-S1 was performed on frozen samples in May 2023. Values of SIgA-S1 ≥ 57.6 U/mL (“cut-off point”) were considered “induced”. Resident medical records were reviewed to assess symptoms, comprehensive geriatric assessment (CGA), reinfection, and overall 30-day mortality. Results At the time of sample collection, 274 residents (89.8%) exhibited “induced” SIgA-S1 levels (≥ 57.6 U/mL), 46 (15.1%) tested positive for PCR SARS-CoV-2, and 170 (57%) had experienced COVID-19 symptoms. “Induced” SIgA-S1 patients were more likely to be symptomatic (60.3% vs. 29%; p < 0.001) and exhibited upper respiratory tract symptoms more frequently (25.1% vs. 6.5%; p = 0.020) compared to “non-induced” patients. Patients with severe disease and duration of symptoms > 10 days had higher levels of SIgA-S1 than those with mild disease (252 vs.192.6 U/mL; p = 0.012) or duration ≤ 10 days (270.5 vs. 208.1 U/mL; p = 0.043), respectively. No significant differences were observed in age, sex, CGA, duration of symptoms, disease severity, overall 30-day-mortality, or reinfection between “induced” and “non-induced” residents. Conclusions Levels of SIgA-S1 are associated with the duration and type of COVID-19 symptoms, along with the severity of infection. While these findings shed light on the knowledge of SIgA-S1, further interdisciplinary studies are warranted to better understand the immune response to SARS-CoV-2 infection.https://doi.org/10.1186/s12877-024-05402-6Secretory Immnuoglobulin-ACOVID-19Nursing homes |
| spellingShingle | Rafael Bielza Patricia Pérez Nuria García Laura Ballesteros-Sanabria Rosa María Martínez Azam Ghazi Clara Hernando María Victoria Rodríguez Israel J. Thuissard Cristina Andreu-Vázquez José Manuel Bautista Unravelling the role of secretory Immnuoglobulin-A in COVID-19: a multicentre study in nursing homes during the first wave BMC Geriatrics Secretory Immnuoglobulin-A COVID-19 Nursing homes |
| title | Unravelling the role of secretory Immnuoglobulin-A in COVID-19: a multicentre study in nursing homes during the first wave |
| title_full | Unravelling the role of secretory Immnuoglobulin-A in COVID-19: a multicentre study in nursing homes during the first wave |
| title_fullStr | Unravelling the role of secretory Immnuoglobulin-A in COVID-19: a multicentre study in nursing homes during the first wave |
| title_full_unstemmed | Unravelling the role of secretory Immnuoglobulin-A in COVID-19: a multicentre study in nursing homes during the first wave |
| title_short | Unravelling the role of secretory Immnuoglobulin-A in COVID-19: a multicentre study in nursing homes during the first wave |
| title_sort | unravelling the role of secretory immnuoglobulin a in covid 19 a multicentre study in nursing homes during the first wave |
| topic | Secretory Immnuoglobulin-A COVID-19 Nursing homes |
| url | https://doi.org/10.1186/s12877-024-05402-6 |
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