Conversion of 10 min Rain Rate Time Series into 1 min Time Series: Theory, Experimental Results, and Application in Satellite Communications
We propose a semi-empirical method—based on a filtered Markov process—to convert 10 min rain rate time series into 1 min time series, i.e., quasi-instantaneous rainfall—the latter to be used as input to the synthetic storm technique, which is a very reliable tool for calculating rain attenuation tim...
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MDPI AG
2025-01-01
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| author | Emilio Matricciani Carlo Riva |
| author_facet | Emilio Matricciani Carlo Riva |
| author_sort | Emilio Matricciani |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | We propose a semi-empirical method—based on a filtered Markov process—to convert 10 min rain rate time series into 1 min time series, i.e., quasi-instantaneous rainfall—the latter to be used as input to the synthetic storm technique, which is a very reliable tool for calculating rain attenuation time series in satellite communication systems or for estimating runoff, erosion, pollutant transport, and other applications in hydrology. To develop the method, we used a very large data bank of 1 min rain rate time series collected in several sites with different climatic conditions. The experimental and simulated 1 min rain rate time series agree very well. Afterward, we used them to simulate rain attenuation time series at 20.7 GHz, in 35.5° slant paths to geostationary satellites. The two simulated annual rain attenuation probability distributions show very small differences. We conclude that the rain rate conversion method is very reliable. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-7ec90baf420b48dc93bfc1fa887b5727 |
| institution | Kabale University |
| issn | 2076-3417 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-01-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Applied Sciences |
| spelling | doaj-art-7ec90baf420b48dc93bfc1fa887b57272025-01-24T13:20:40ZengMDPI AGApplied Sciences2076-34172025-01-0115274310.3390/app15020743Conversion of 10 min Rain Rate Time Series into 1 min Time Series: Theory, Experimental Results, and Application in Satellite CommunicationsEmilio Matricciani0Carlo Riva1Dipartimento di Elettromica, Informazione e Bioingegneria (DEIB), Politecnico di Milano, 20133 Milano, ItalyDipartimento di Elettromica, Informazione e Bioingegneria (DEIB), Politecnico di Milano, 20133 Milano, ItalyWe propose a semi-empirical method—based on a filtered Markov process—to convert 10 min rain rate time series into 1 min time series, i.e., quasi-instantaneous rainfall—the latter to be used as input to the synthetic storm technique, which is a very reliable tool for calculating rain attenuation time series in satellite communication systems or for estimating runoff, erosion, pollutant transport, and other applications in hydrology. To develop the method, we used a very large data bank of 1 min rain rate time series collected in several sites with different climatic conditions. The experimental and simulated 1 min rain rate time series agree very well. Afterward, we used them to simulate rain attenuation time series at 20.7 GHz, in 35.5° slant paths to geostationary satellites. The two simulated annual rain attenuation probability distributions show very small differences. We conclude that the rain rate conversion method is very reliable.https://www.mdpi.com/2076-3417/15/2/743instantaneous rainfallfiltered Markov processmeteorologyrain attenuationsatellite communicationrain rate conversion |
| spellingShingle | Emilio Matricciani Carlo Riva Conversion of 10 min Rain Rate Time Series into 1 min Time Series: Theory, Experimental Results, and Application in Satellite Communications Applied Sciences instantaneous rainfall filtered Markov process meteorology rain attenuation satellite communication rain rate conversion |
| title | Conversion of 10 min Rain Rate Time Series into 1 min Time Series: Theory, Experimental Results, and Application in Satellite Communications |
| title_full | Conversion of 10 min Rain Rate Time Series into 1 min Time Series: Theory, Experimental Results, and Application in Satellite Communications |
| title_fullStr | Conversion of 10 min Rain Rate Time Series into 1 min Time Series: Theory, Experimental Results, and Application in Satellite Communications |
| title_full_unstemmed | Conversion of 10 min Rain Rate Time Series into 1 min Time Series: Theory, Experimental Results, and Application in Satellite Communications |
| title_short | Conversion of 10 min Rain Rate Time Series into 1 min Time Series: Theory, Experimental Results, and Application in Satellite Communications |
| title_sort | conversion of 10 min rain rate time series into 1 min time series theory experimental results and application in satellite communications |
| topic | instantaneous rainfall filtered Markov process meteorology rain attenuation satellite communication rain rate conversion |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2076-3417/15/2/743 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT emiliomatricciani conversionof10minrainratetimeseriesinto1mintimeseriestheoryexperimentalresultsandapplicationinsatellitecommunications AT carloriva conversionof10minrainratetimeseriesinto1mintimeseriestheoryexperimentalresultsandapplicationinsatellitecommunications |