Risk factors for hepatocellular carcinoma: an umbrella review of systematic review and meta-analysis
Background Numerous meta-analyses have identified various risk factors for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), prompting a comprehensive study to synthesize evidence quality and strength.Methods This umbrella review of meta-analyses was conducted throughout PubMed, EMBASE, Web of Science, and Cochrane D...
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Taylor & Francis Group
2025-12-01
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| Series: | Annals of Medicine |
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| Online Access: | https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/10.1080/07853890.2025.2455539 |
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| author | Jie Wang Kaijie Qiu Songsheng Zhou Yichao Gan Keting Jiang Donghuan Wang Haibiao Wang |
| author_facet | Jie Wang Kaijie Qiu Songsheng Zhou Yichao Gan Keting Jiang Donghuan Wang Haibiao Wang |
| author_sort | Jie Wang |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Background Numerous meta-analyses have identified various risk factors for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), prompting a comprehensive study to synthesize evidence quality and strength.Methods This umbrella review of meta-analyses was conducted throughout PubMed, EMBASE, Web of Science, and Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews. Evidence strength was evaluated according to the evidence categories criteria.Results We identified 101 risk factors throughout 175 meta-analyses. 31 risk factors were classified as evidence levels of class I, II, or III. HBV and HCV infections increase HCC risk by 12.5-fold and 11.2-fold, respectively. These risks are moderated by antiviral treatments and virological responses but are exacerbated by higher HBsAg levels, anti-HBc positivity, and co-infection. Smoking, obesity, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease, diabetes, low platelet, elevated liver enzymes and liver fluke infection increase HCC risk, while coffee consumption, a healthy diet, and bariatric surgery lower it. Medications like metformin, glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists (GLP-1 RAs), aspirin, statins, and selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors reduce HCC risk, while acid suppressive agents, particularly proton pump inhibitors, elevate it. Blood type O reduces the risk of HCC, while male gender and older age increase the risk.Conclusions HBV and HCV are major HCC risk factors, with risk mitigation through antiviral treatments. Lifestyle habits such as smoking and alcohol use significantly increase HCC risk, highlighting the importance of cessation. Certain drugs like aspirin, statins, GLP-1 RAs, and metformin may reduce HCC occurrence, but further research is needed to confirm these effects. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-7e91d1dca6e045148cd626f12e9c3eaa |
| institution | Kabale University |
| issn | 0785-3890 1365-2060 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-12-01 |
| publisher | Taylor & Francis Group |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Annals of Medicine |
| spelling | doaj-art-7e91d1dca6e045148cd626f12e9c3eaa2025-01-21T06:28:17ZengTaylor & Francis GroupAnnals of Medicine0785-38901365-20602025-12-0157110.1080/07853890.2025.2455539Risk factors for hepatocellular carcinoma: an umbrella review of systematic review and meta-analysisJie Wang0Kaijie Qiu1Songsheng Zhou2Yichao Gan3Keting Jiang4Donghuan Wang5Haibiao Wang6Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Ningbo Medical Center Lihuili Hospital, Ningbo, Zhejiang, ChinaDepartment of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Ningbo Medical Center Lihuili Hospital, Ningbo, Zhejiang, ChinaDepartment of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Ningbo Medical Center Lihuili Hospital, Ningbo, Zhejiang, ChinaDepartment of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Ningbo Medical Center Lihuili Hospital, Ningbo, Zhejiang, ChinaDepartment of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Ningbo Medical Center Lihuili Hospital, Ningbo, Zhejiang, ChinaOperations Department, Ningbo Medical Center Lihuili Hospital, Ningbo, Zhejiang, ChinaDepartment of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, Ningbo Medical Center Lihuili Hospital, Ningbo, Zhejiang, ChinaBackground Numerous meta-analyses have identified various risk factors for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), prompting a comprehensive study to synthesize evidence quality and strength.Methods This umbrella review of meta-analyses was conducted throughout PubMed, EMBASE, Web of Science, and Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews. Evidence strength was evaluated according to the evidence categories criteria.Results We identified 101 risk factors throughout 175 meta-analyses. 31 risk factors were classified as evidence levels of class I, II, or III. HBV and HCV infections increase HCC risk by 12.5-fold and 11.2-fold, respectively. These risks are moderated by antiviral treatments and virological responses but are exacerbated by higher HBsAg levels, anti-HBc positivity, and co-infection. Smoking, obesity, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease, diabetes, low platelet, elevated liver enzymes and liver fluke infection increase HCC risk, while coffee consumption, a healthy diet, and bariatric surgery lower it. Medications like metformin, glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists (GLP-1 RAs), aspirin, statins, and selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors reduce HCC risk, while acid suppressive agents, particularly proton pump inhibitors, elevate it. Blood type O reduces the risk of HCC, while male gender and older age increase the risk.Conclusions HBV and HCV are major HCC risk factors, with risk mitigation through antiviral treatments. Lifestyle habits such as smoking and alcohol use significantly increase HCC risk, highlighting the importance of cessation. Certain drugs like aspirin, statins, GLP-1 RAs, and metformin may reduce HCC occurrence, but further research is needed to confirm these effects.https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/10.1080/07853890.2025.2455539Hepatocellular carcinomarisk factorincidenceumbrella review |
| spellingShingle | Jie Wang Kaijie Qiu Songsheng Zhou Yichao Gan Keting Jiang Donghuan Wang Haibiao Wang Risk factors for hepatocellular carcinoma: an umbrella review of systematic review and meta-analysis Annals of Medicine Hepatocellular carcinoma risk factor incidence umbrella review |
| title | Risk factors for hepatocellular carcinoma: an umbrella review of systematic review and meta-analysis |
| title_full | Risk factors for hepatocellular carcinoma: an umbrella review of systematic review and meta-analysis |
| title_fullStr | Risk factors for hepatocellular carcinoma: an umbrella review of systematic review and meta-analysis |
| title_full_unstemmed | Risk factors for hepatocellular carcinoma: an umbrella review of systematic review and meta-analysis |
| title_short | Risk factors for hepatocellular carcinoma: an umbrella review of systematic review and meta-analysis |
| title_sort | risk factors for hepatocellular carcinoma an umbrella review of systematic review and meta analysis |
| topic | Hepatocellular carcinoma risk factor incidence umbrella review |
| url | https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/10.1080/07853890.2025.2455539 |
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