Long-term cognitive and neurophysiological effects of mental rotation training

Abstract Mental rotation, a crucial aspect of spatial cognition, can be improved through repeated practice. However, the long-term effects of combining training with non-invasive brain stimulation and its neurophysiological correlates are not well understood. This study examined the lasting effects...

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Main Authors: Linlin Dong, Yufeng Ke, Xiaodong Zhu, Shuang Liu, Dong Ming
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Nature Portfolio 2025-04-01
Series:npj Science of Learning
Online Access:https://doi.org/10.1038/s41539-025-00309-2
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author Linlin Dong
Yufeng Ke
Xiaodong Zhu
Shuang Liu
Dong Ming
author_facet Linlin Dong
Yufeng Ke
Xiaodong Zhu
Shuang Liu
Dong Ming
author_sort Linlin Dong
collection DOAJ
description Abstract Mental rotation, a crucial aspect of spatial cognition, can be improved through repeated practice. However, the long-term effects of combining training with non-invasive brain stimulation and its neurophysiological correlates are not well understood. This study examined the lasting effects of a 10-day mental rotation training with high-definition transcranial direct current stimulation (HD-tDCS) on behavioral and neural outcomes in 34 healthy participants. Participants were randomly assigned to the Active and Shan groups, with equal group sizes. Mental rotation tests and EEG recordings were conducted at baseline, 1 day, 20 days, and 90 days post-training. Although HD-tDCS showed no significant effect, training led to improved accuracy, faster response times, and enhanced task-evoked EEG responses, with benefits lasting up to 90 days. Notably, task-evoked EEG responses remained elevated 20 days post-training. Individual differences, such as gender and baseline performance, influenced the outcomes. These results emphasize the potential of mental rotation training for cognitive enhancement and suggest a need for further investigation into cognition-related neuroplasticity.
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spelling doaj-art-7e41d2c1076e45e5b79570d1e2b773f22025-08-20T03:04:58ZengNature Portfolionpj Science of Learning2056-79362025-04-011011910.1038/s41539-025-00309-2Long-term cognitive and neurophysiological effects of mental rotation trainingLinlin Dong0Yufeng Ke1Xiaodong Zhu2Shuang Liu3Dong Ming4Academy of Medical Engineering and Translational Medicine, Tianjin International Joint Research Centre for Neural Engineering, and Tianjin Key Laboratory of Brain Science and Neural Engineering, Tianjin UniversityAcademy of Medical Engineering and Translational Medicine, Tianjin International Joint Research Centre for Neural Engineering, and Tianjin Key Laboratory of Brain Science and Neural Engineering, Tianjin UniversityAcademy of Medical Engineering and Translational Medicine, Tianjin International Joint Research Centre for Neural Engineering, and Tianjin Key Laboratory of Brain Science and Neural Engineering, Tianjin UniversityAcademy of Medical Engineering and Translational Medicine, Tianjin International Joint Research Centre for Neural Engineering, and Tianjin Key Laboratory of Brain Science and Neural Engineering, Tianjin UniversityAcademy of Medical Engineering and Translational Medicine, Tianjin International Joint Research Centre for Neural Engineering, and Tianjin Key Laboratory of Brain Science and Neural Engineering, Tianjin UniversityAbstract Mental rotation, a crucial aspect of spatial cognition, can be improved through repeated practice. However, the long-term effects of combining training with non-invasive brain stimulation and its neurophysiological correlates are not well understood. This study examined the lasting effects of a 10-day mental rotation training with high-definition transcranial direct current stimulation (HD-tDCS) on behavioral and neural outcomes in 34 healthy participants. Participants were randomly assigned to the Active and Shan groups, with equal group sizes. Mental rotation tests and EEG recordings were conducted at baseline, 1 day, 20 days, and 90 days post-training. Although HD-tDCS showed no significant effect, training led to improved accuracy, faster response times, and enhanced task-evoked EEG responses, with benefits lasting up to 90 days. Notably, task-evoked EEG responses remained elevated 20 days post-training. Individual differences, such as gender and baseline performance, influenced the outcomes. These results emphasize the potential of mental rotation training for cognitive enhancement and suggest a need for further investigation into cognition-related neuroplasticity.https://doi.org/10.1038/s41539-025-00309-2
spellingShingle Linlin Dong
Yufeng Ke
Xiaodong Zhu
Shuang Liu
Dong Ming
Long-term cognitive and neurophysiological effects of mental rotation training
npj Science of Learning
title Long-term cognitive and neurophysiological effects of mental rotation training
title_full Long-term cognitive and neurophysiological effects of mental rotation training
title_fullStr Long-term cognitive and neurophysiological effects of mental rotation training
title_full_unstemmed Long-term cognitive and neurophysiological effects of mental rotation training
title_short Long-term cognitive and neurophysiological effects of mental rotation training
title_sort long term cognitive and neurophysiological effects of mental rotation training
url https://doi.org/10.1038/s41539-025-00309-2
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