The Distribution of Dissolved Copper and Natural Organic Ligands in Tropical Coastal Waters Under Seasonal Variation

The bioavailability of dissolved copper (Cu) in seawater is influenced by the presence of natural organic matter. Changes in physicochemical conditions, such as pH, temperature, and salinity, can significantly affect the solubility and speciation of copper, thereby impacting the complexation of Cu(I...

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Main Authors: Li Qing Ng, Khairul Nizam Mohamed, Abd Muhaimin Amiruddin, Ferdaus Mohamat Yusuff, Nur Ili Hamizah Mustaffa
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: MDPI AG 2025-02-01
Series:Journal of Marine Science and Engineering
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Online Access:https://www.mdpi.com/2077-1312/13/3/446
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author Li Qing Ng
Khairul Nizam Mohamed
Abd Muhaimin Amiruddin
Ferdaus Mohamat Yusuff
Nur Ili Hamizah Mustaffa
author_facet Li Qing Ng
Khairul Nizam Mohamed
Abd Muhaimin Amiruddin
Ferdaus Mohamat Yusuff
Nur Ili Hamizah Mustaffa
author_sort Li Qing Ng
collection DOAJ
description The bioavailability of dissolved copper (Cu) in seawater is influenced by the presence of natural organic matter. Changes in physicochemical conditions, such as pH, temperature, and salinity, can significantly affect the solubility and speciation of copper, thereby impacting the complexation of Cu(II)-binding organic ligands. The concentration of dissolved Cu in the coastal water of Mersing, Malaysia, was detected by anodic stripping voltammetry (ASV). The natural organic copper(II)-binding ligands (CuL) and their conditional stability constants (log <i>K</i>′) were determined by using the competitive ligand exchange–adsorptive cathodic stripping voltammetry method (CLE–AdCSV) in our samples. The in situ parameters, such as pH, temperature, salinity, and dissolved oxygen (DO), were found to be significantly different between sampling periods and indicated the different physical chemical conditions between the sampling periods. However, we found a consistent concentration of dissolved Cu throughout the water column between sampling periods. This suggests that the presence of a strong class of natural organic ligands (L<sub>1</sub>) in Mersing’s coastal water maintains the dissolved Cu(II) ions in the water column and prevents the scavenging and precipitation processes under the seasonal variations.
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publishDate 2025-02-01
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spelling doaj-art-7dd0b4e5c96b4fcda62ecb98a2b65fd42025-08-20T02:11:21ZengMDPI AGJournal of Marine Science and Engineering2077-13122025-02-0113344610.3390/jmse13030446The Distribution of Dissolved Copper and Natural Organic Ligands in Tropical Coastal Waters Under Seasonal VariationLi Qing Ng0Khairul Nizam Mohamed1Abd Muhaimin Amiruddin2Ferdaus Mohamat Yusuff3Nur Ili Hamizah Mustaffa4Environmental Science Department, Faculty of Forestry and Environment, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400, Selangor, MalaysiaEnvironmental Science Department, Faculty of Forestry and Environment, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400, Selangor, MalaysiaEnvironmental Science Department, Faculty of Forestry and Environment, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400, Selangor, MalaysiaEnvironmental Science Department, Faculty of Forestry and Environment, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400, Selangor, MalaysiaEnvironmental Science Department, Faculty of Forestry and Environment, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400, Selangor, MalaysiaThe bioavailability of dissolved copper (Cu) in seawater is influenced by the presence of natural organic matter. Changes in physicochemical conditions, such as pH, temperature, and salinity, can significantly affect the solubility and speciation of copper, thereby impacting the complexation of Cu(II)-binding organic ligands. The concentration of dissolved Cu in the coastal water of Mersing, Malaysia, was detected by anodic stripping voltammetry (ASV). The natural organic copper(II)-binding ligands (CuL) and their conditional stability constants (log <i>K</i>′) were determined by using the competitive ligand exchange–adsorptive cathodic stripping voltammetry method (CLE–AdCSV) in our samples. The in situ parameters, such as pH, temperature, salinity, and dissolved oxygen (DO), were found to be significantly different between sampling periods and indicated the different physical chemical conditions between the sampling periods. However, we found a consistent concentration of dissolved Cu throughout the water column between sampling periods. This suggests that the presence of a strong class of natural organic ligands (L<sub>1</sub>) in Mersing’s coastal water maintains the dissolved Cu(II) ions in the water column and prevents the scavenging and precipitation processes under the seasonal variations.https://www.mdpi.com/2077-1312/13/3/446copper speciationdissolved copper (II)natural organic ligandscompetitive ligand exchange–adsorptive cathodic stripping voltammetry
spellingShingle Li Qing Ng
Khairul Nizam Mohamed
Abd Muhaimin Amiruddin
Ferdaus Mohamat Yusuff
Nur Ili Hamizah Mustaffa
The Distribution of Dissolved Copper and Natural Organic Ligands in Tropical Coastal Waters Under Seasonal Variation
Journal of Marine Science and Engineering
copper speciation
dissolved copper (II)
natural organic ligands
competitive ligand exchange–adsorptive cathodic stripping voltammetry
title The Distribution of Dissolved Copper and Natural Organic Ligands in Tropical Coastal Waters Under Seasonal Variation
title_full The Distribution of Dissolved Copper and Natural Organic Ligands in Tropical Coastal Waters Under Seasonal Variation
title_fullStr The Distribution of Dissolved Copper and Natural Organic Ligands in Tropical Coastal Waters Under Seasonal Variation
title_full_unstemmed The Distribution of Dissolved Copper and Natural Organic Ligands in Tropical Coastal Waters Under Seasonal Variation
title_short The Distribution of Dissolved Copper and Natural Organic Ligands in Tropical Coastal Waters Under Seasonal Variation
title_sort distribution of dissolved copper and natural organic ligands in tropical coastal waters under seasonal variation
topic copper speciation
dissolved copper (II)
natural organic ligands
competitive ligand exchange–adsorptive cathodic stripping voltammetry
url https://www.mdpi.com/2077-1312/13/3/446
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