Global relevance of atmospheric and land surface drivers for hot temperature extremes
<p>Hot temperature extremes have severe impacts on society and ecosystems. These extremes are driven by both atmospheric and land surface processes, such as advection or reduced evaporative cooling. The contributions of the individual drivers to the formation and evolution of hot extremes have...
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Copernicus Publications
2025-06-01
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| Series: | Earth System Dynamics |
| Online Access: | https://esd.copernicus.org/articles/16/869/2025/esd-16-869-2025.pdf |
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| author | Y. Uckan Y. Uckan M. Ruiz-Vásquez K. De Polt K. De Polt R. Orth |
| author_facet | Y. Uckan Y. Uckan M. Ruiz-Vásquez K. De Polt K. De Polt R. Orth |
| author_sort | Y. Uckan |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | <p>Hot temperature extremes have severe impacts on society and ecosystems. These extremes are driven by both atmospheric and land surface processes, such as advection or reduced evaporative cooling. The contributions of the individual drivers to the formation and evolution of hot extremes have been analyzed in case studies for major past events, but the global relevance of drivers still remains unclear. In this study, we determine the relevance of (i) atmospheric drivers, such as wind, geopotential height, horizontal geopotential height differences, and surface net radiation, and (ii) land surface drivers, such as evaporative fraction and enhanced vegetation index, for hot extremes across the globe using observation-based data. Hot extremes are identified at daily and weekly timescales through the highest absolute temperature, and the relevance of the considered drivers is determined with an analogue-based approach. Thereby, temperature anomalies are analyzed from situations with driver values similar to those of the hot extreme. The results show that geopotential height at 500 hPa is overall the most relevant driver of hot extremes across the globe at both timescales. Surface net radiation and evaporative fraction are the second most relevant drivers in many regions at the daily timescale, while wind is the second most relevant at the weekly timescale. Regional variations in the relevance of individual drivers are largely explained by different climate regimes. Revealing key regions and influential timescales of land surface drivers on hot extremes can inform more efficient prediction and management of the increasing threat these extremes pose.</p> |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-7dc23e7e35a94e89b27fb70a0b05213f |
| institution | Kabale University |
| issn | 2190-4979 2190-4987 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-06-01 |
| publisher | Copernicus Publications |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Earth System Dynamics |
| spelling | doaj-art-7dc23e7e35a94e89b27fb70a0b05213f2025-08-20T03:25:40ZengCopernicus PublicationsEarth System Dynamics2190-49792190-49872025-06-011686988910.5194/esd-16-869-2025Global relevance of atmospheric and land surface drivers for hot temperature extremesY. Uckan0Y. Uckan1M. Ruiz-Vásquez2K. De Polt3K. De Polt4R. Orth5Department of Biogeochemical Integration, Max Planck Institute for Biogeochemistry, 07745 Jena, GermanySchool of Integrated Climate and Earth System Sciences, University of Hamburg, 20144 Hamburg, GermanyDepartment of Biogeochemical Integration, Max Planck Institute for Biogeochemistry, 07745 Jena, GermanyDepartment of Biogeochemical Integration, Max Planck Institute for Biogeochemistry, 07745 Jena, GermanyInstitute for Environmental Studies, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, 1081 hv, the NetherlandsDepartment of Biogeochemical Integration, Max Planck Institute for Biogeochemistry, 07745 Jena, Germany<p>Hot temperature extremes have severe impacts on society and ecosystems. These extremes are driven by both atmospheric and land surface processes, such as advection or reduced evaporative cooling. The contributions of the individual drivers to the formation and evolution of hot extremes have been analyzed in case studies for major past events, but the global relevance of drivers still remains unclear. In this study, we determine the relevance of (i) atmospheric drivers, such as wind, geopotential height, horizontal geopotential height differences, and surface net radiation, and (ii) land surface drivers, such as evaporative fraction and enhanced vegetation index, for hot extremes across the globe using observation-based data. Hot extremes are identified at daily and weekly timescales through the highest absolute temperature, and the relevance of the considered drivers is determined with an analogue-based approach. Thereby, temperature anomalies are analyzed from situations with driver values similar to those of the hot extreme. The results show that geopotential height at 500 hPa is overall the most relevant driver of hot extremes across the globe at both timescales. Surface net radiation and evaporative fraction are the second most relevant drivers in many regions at the daily timescale, while wind is the second most relevant at the weekly timescale. Regional variations in the relevance of individual drivers are largely explained by different climate regimes. Revealing key regions and influential timescales of land surface drivers on hot extremes can inform more efficient prediction and management of the increasing threat these extremes pose.</p>https://esd.copernicus.org/articles/16/869/2025/esd-16-869-2025.pdf |
| spellingShingle | Y. Uckan Y. Uckan M. Ruiz-Vásquez K. De Polt K. De Polt R. Orth Global relevance of atmospheric and land surface drivers for hot temperature extremes Earth System Dynamics |
| title | Global relevance of atmospheric and land surface drivers for hot temperature extremes |
| title_full | Global relevance of atmospheric and land surface drivers for hot temperature extremes |
| title_fullStr | Global relevance of atmospheric and land surface drivers for hot temperature extremes |
| title_full_unstemmed | Global relevance of atmospheric and land surface drivers for hot temperature extremes |
| title_short | Global relevance of atmospheric and land surface drivers for hot temperature extremes |
| title_sort | global relevance of atmospheric and land surface drivers for hot temperature extremes |
| url | https://esd.copernicus.org/articles/16/869/2025/esd-16-869-2025.pdf |
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