Peripheral memory B cell population maintenance and long-term survival after perioperative chemoimmunotherapy in NSCLC (NADIM trial)

Perioperative chemoimmunotherapy has significantly improved survival rates for non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). However, current tissue biomarkers remain inadequate, underscoring the need for more sensitive and accessible alternatives to monitor relapse risk. Intratumoral B-cells are increasingly...

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Main Authors: Belén Sierra Rodero, Cristina Martínez-Toledo, Ernest Nadal, Marta Molina-Alejandre, Rosario García Campelo, Ángeles Gil-González, Bartomeu Massuti, Aránzazu García-Grande, Manuel Dómine, Amelia Insa, Javier de Castro Carpeño, Gerardo Huidobro Vence, Margarita Majem, Alex Martinez-Marti, Diego Megias, Daniel Lobato, Ana Collazo-Lorduy, Virginia Calvo, Mariano Provencio, Alberto Cruz-Bermúdez
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Taylor & Francis Group 2025-12-01
Series:OncoImmunology
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Online Access:https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/10.1080/2162402X.2025.2513109
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Summary:Perioperative chemoimmunotherapy has significantly improved survival rates for non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). However, current tissue biomarkers remain inadequate, underscoring the need for more sensitive and accessible alternatives to monitor relapse risk. Intratumoral B-cells are increasingly recognized for their role in enhancing immunotherapy outcomes, yet the contribution of peripheral B-cells to immune surveillance remains unexplored. Peripheral B-cell immunophenotypes were analyzed from blood samples (at diagnosis, post-neoadjuvant, and at 6- and 12-months of adjuvant treatment) in 41 stage IIIA NSCLC patients treated with perioperative nivolumab plus chemotherapy, included in the NADIM clinical trial (NCT03081689). Results were correlated with 5-year survival outcomes and validated through unsupervised clustering. An increase in the percentage of total B-cells (CD19+CD20+) and naïve B-cells (CD19+CD20+CD24+CD38+CD27−CD10−), along with a reduction in CD20 expression on total B-cells, a decrease in the proportion of memory B-cells (CD19+CD20+CD24+CD38−/lowCD27+) and transitional B-cells (CD19+CD20+CD24++CD38++CD10+), was observed during the time encompassed between the end of neoadjuvant treatment and the posterior 6 months of adjuvant treatment. Higher levels of CD20 expression on total B-cells, along with an increased percentage of memory B-cells, or activated B-cells (CD19+CD20+CD25+), at 6- and 12-months of adjuvant treatment, were associated with increased survival. Conversely, higher levels of a newly described circulating population of CD19+CD20lowCD25lowCD27low B-cells during adjuvant treatment were linked to disease progression. Perioperative nivolumab plus chemotherapy in resectable NSCLC patients induces significant changes in peripheral B-cells. The persistence of circulating memory B-cells during adjuvant treatment might play a crucial role in survival.
ISSN:2162-402X