Cloud Height Distributions and the Role of Vertical Mixing in the Tropical Cyclone Eye Derived From Compact Raman Lidar Observations

Abstract The distribution of tropical cyclone (TC) eye cloud heights is documented for the first time using compact Raman lidar (CRL) measurements with high spatial resolution. These cloud heights act as tracers for low‐level vertical mixing in the eye region. Cloud height distributions using all av...

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Main Authors: Ethan J. Murray, Jason Dunion, Kristopher B. Karnauskas, Zhien Wang, Jun A. Zhang
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Wiley 2024-07-01
Series:Geophysical Research Letters
Subjects:
Online Access:https://doi.org/10.1029/2024GL108515
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author Ethan J. Murray
Jason Dunion
Kristopher B. Karnauskas
Zhien Wang
Jun A. Zhang
author_facet Ethan J. Murray
Jason Dunion
Kristopher B. Karnauskas
Zhien Wang
Jun A. Zhang
author_sort Ethan J. Murray
collection DOAJ
description Abstract The distribution of tropical cyclone (TC) eye cloud heights is documented for the first time using compact Raman lidar (CRL) measurements with high spatial resolution. These cloud heights act as tracers for low‐level vertical mixing in the eye region. Cloud height distributions using all available data from nine Atlantic TCs in 2021 and 2022 show significant vertical variance, dispelling the notion of a flat stratiform eye cloud deck. Eye cloud widths are multiscale, with shallow convective clouds dominating CRL returns. Data from Hurricane Sam (2021) highlight the evolution of shallow convective clouds in the TC eye and their associated temperature inversions. The frequent appearance of convective eye clouds, along with observed vertical wind fluctuations, suggests that vertical mixing from the boundary layer frequently occurs in the TC eye, even beneath strong inversions. This strong vertical mixing should be accurately portrayed by TC simulations and forecasts.
format Article
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institution OA Journals
issn 0094-8276
1944-8007
language English
publishDate 2024-07-01
publisher Wiley
record_format Article
series Geophysical Research Letters
spelling doaj-art-7d4bc0ced2fa4b6cbe922cf961855f4e2025-08-20T02:31:42ZengWileyGeophysical Research Letters0094-82761944-80072024-07-015114n/an/a10.1029/2024GL108515Cloud Height Distributions and the Role of Vertical Mixing in the Tropical Cyclone Eye Derived From Compact Raman Lidar ObservationsEthan J. Murray0Jason Dunion1Kristopher B. Karnauskas2Zhien Wang3Jun A. Zhang4Department of Atmospheric and Oceanic Sciences University of Colorado Boulder CO USANOAA/AOML Hurricane Research Division Miami FL USADepartment of Atmospheric and Oceanic Sciences University of Colorado Boulder CO USASchool of Marine and Atmospheric Sciences Stony Brook University Stony Brook NY USANOAA/AOML Hurricane Research Division Miami FL USAAbstract The distribution of tropical cyclone (TC) eye cloud heights is documented for the first time using compact Raman lidar (CRL) measurements with high spatial resolution. These cloud heights act as tracers for low‐level vertical mixing in the eye region. Cloud height distributions using all available data from nine Atlantic TCs in 2021 and 2022 show significant vertical variance, dispelling the notion of a flat stratiform eye cloud deck. Eye cloud widths are multiscale, with shallow convective clouds dominating CRL returns. Data from Hurricane Sam (2021) highlight the evolution of shallow convective clouds in the TC eye and their associated temperature inversions. The frequent appearance of convective eye clouds, along with observed vertical wind fluctuations, suggests that vertical mixing from the boundary layer frequently occurs in the TC eye, even beneath strong inversions. This strong vertical mixing should be accurately portrayed by TC simulations and forecasts.https://doi.org/10.1029/2024GL108515tropical cyclonesatmospheric lidarremote sensingintensity changeconvection
spellingShingle Ethan J. Murray
Jason Dunion
Kristopher B. Karnauskas
Zhien Wang
Jun A. Zhang
Cloud Height Distributions and the Role of Vertical Mixing in the Tropical Cyclone Eye Derived From Compact Raman Lidar Observations
Geophysical Research Letters
tropical cyclones
atmospheric lidar
remote sensing
intensity change
convection
title Cloud Height Distributions and the Role of Vertical Mixing in the Tropical Cyclone Eye Derived From Compact Raman Lidar Observations
title_full Cloud Height Distributions and the Role of Vertical Mixing in the Tropical Cyclone Eye Derived From Compact Raman Lidar Observations
title_fullStr Cloud Height Distributions and the Role of Vertical Mixing in the Tropical Cyclone Eye Derived From Compact Raman Lidar Observations
title_full_unstemmed Cloud Height Distributions and the Role of Vertical Mixing in the Tropical Cyclone Eye Derived From Compact Raman Lidar Observations
title_short Cloud Height Distributions and the Role of Vertical Mixing in the Tropical Cyclone Eye Derived From Compact Raman Lidar Observations
title_sort cloud height distributions and the role of vertical mixing in the tropical cyclone eye derived from compact raman lidar observations
topic tropical cyclones
atmospheric lidar
remote sensing
intensity change
convection
url https://doi.org/10.1029/2024GL108515
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