Emerging malaria in Indonesia: An overview of Plasmodium knowlesi infections
Background: Plasmodium knowlesi, the fifth malaria-causing parasite species, is currently changing the landscape of the most dominant malaria-causing species in the Southeast Asia by becoming the emerging significant cause of malaria in the region, including in Indonesia. This study aimed to provide...
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Elsevier
2025-02-01
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| Series: | Parasite Epidemiology and Control |
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| Online Access: | http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2405673124000692 |
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| author | Nisa Fauziah Karomahul Malaya Jati Fedri Ruluwedrata Rinawan Naufal Fakhri Nugraha Bachti Alisjahbana Jontari Hutagalung |
| author_facet | Nisa Fauziah Karomahul Malaya Jati Fedri Ruluwedrata Rinawan Naufal Fakhri Nugraha Bachti Alisjahbana Jontari Hutagalung |
| author_sort | Nisa Fauziah |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Background: Plasmodium knowlesi, the fifth malaria-causing parasite species, is currently changing the landscape of the most dominant malaria-causing species in the Southeast Asia by becoming the emerging significant cause of malaria in the region, including in Indonesia. This study aimed to provide an overview of malaria caused by P. knowlesi in Indonesia. Methods: This study utilized secondary data from the Indonesian National Referral Malaria Laboratory from 2011 to 2020 for the analysis. Results: Analysis on 212 samples collected over ten years identified 66 (31.1 %) cases of P. knowlesi infection, with one (0.5 %) mixed infection of P. knowlesi and P. vivax. These cases were reported in seven provinces in Kalimantan and Sumatra islands. Males were 2.23 times more likely to be at risk for malaria compared to females, and this result was statistically significant (p-value = 0.037, 95 % CI: 0.84–5.91). There was no significant association between the risk of malaria and the age groups classified as non-productive and productive (p-value = 0.535, OR = 0.42, 95 % CI: 0.12–1.53). Individuals working outdoors were not significantly more protected compared to those working indoors (p-value of 0.116, OR = 0.15, 95 % CI: 0.02–1.49). The origin of the sample was found to be the most significant factor (p-value <0.001), with individuals from Kalimantan having the highest risk for malaria caused by P. knowlesi (OR = 3.97, 95 % CI: 2.10–7.49). Conclusions: Two major Indonesian islands of Sumatra and Kalimantan, which reported malaria cases during the period studied, exhibit a potential risk for P. knowlesi infections that is influenced by factors beyond natural hosts and vectors, such as sex, age, and occupation. Routine PCR examinations for suspected P. knowlesi infections are crucial for developing effective strategies to identify and control this simian malaria parasite. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-7bfb55a9519045a3bda2dea2686e5803 |
| institution | Kabale University |
| issn | 2405-6731 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-02-01 |
| publisher | Elsevier |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Parasite Epidemiology and Control |
| spelling | doaj-art-7bfb55a9519045a3bda2dea2686e58032025-02-06T05:12:29ZengElsevierParasite Epidemiology and Control2405-67312025-02-0128e00405Emerging malaria in Indonesia: An overview of Plasmodium knowlesi infectionsNisa Fauziah0Karomahul Malaya Jati1Fedri Ruluwedrata Rinawan2Naufal Fakhri Nugraha3Bachti Alisjahbana4Jontari Hutagalung5Division of Parasitology, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Padjadjaran, Jl. Prof. Eyckman No. 38, Sukajadi, Bandung 40161, West Java, Indonesia; Laboratory of Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Padjadjaran, Jl. Prof. Eyckman No. 38, Sukajadi, Bandung 40161, West Java, Indonesia; Postgraduate Program, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Padjadjaran, Jl. Prof. Eyckman No. 38, Sukajadi, Bandung 40161, West Java, Indonesia; Research Center for Care and Control of Infectious Disease, Universitas Padjadjaran, Jl. Prof. Eyckman No. 38, Sukajadi, Bandung 40161, West Java, Indonesia; Corresponding authors.Graduate Medical Study Program, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Padjadjaran, Jl. Ir. Soekarno KM. 21, Jatinangor, Sumedang 45363, West Java, IndonesiaDepartment of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Padjadjaran, Jl. Ir. Soekarno KM. 21, Jatinangor, Sumedang 45363, West Java, Indonesia; Center for Health System Study and Health Workforce Education Innovation, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Padjadjaran, Jl. Prof. Eyckman No. 38, Sukajadi, Bandung 40161, Indonesia; Indonesian Society for Remote Sensing Branch West Java, Gedung 2, Faculty of Fisheries and Marine Sciences, Universitas Padjadjaran, Jl. Ir. Soekarno KM. 21, Jatinangor, Sumedang 45363, IndonesiaResearch Center for Care and Control of Infectious Disease, Universitas Padjadjaran, Jl. Prof. Eyckman No. 38, Sukajadi, Bandung 40161, West Java, Indonesia; Universitas Padjadjaran Hospital, Jl. Ir. Soekarno KM. 21, Jatinangor, Sumedang 45363, West Java, IndonesiaDepartment of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Padjadjaran/Dr. Hasan Sadikin General Hospital, Jl. Prof. Eyckman No. 38, Sukajadi, Bandung 40161, West Java, IndonesiaLaboratory of Parasitology, Center for Health Resilience System Policy and Health Resources, Health Policy and Development Agency, Jl. Percetakan Negara No. 29, Johar Baru, Central Jakarta 10560, DKI Jakarta, Indonesia; Corresponding authors.Background: Plasmodium knowlesi, the fifth malaria-causing parasite species, is currently changing the landscape of the most dominant malaria-causing species in the Southeast Asia by becoming the emerging significant cause of malaria in the region, including in Indonesia. This study aimed to provide an overview of malaria caused by P. knowlesi in Indonesia. Methods: This study utilized secondary data from the Indonesian National Referral Malaria Laboratory from 2011 to 2020 for the analysis. Results: Analysis on 212 samples collected over ten years identified 66 (31.1 %) cases of P. knowlesi infection, with one (0.5 %) mixed infection of P. knowlesi and P. vivax. These cases were reported in seven provinces in Kalimantan and Sumatra islands. Males were 2.23 times more likely to be at risk for malaria compared to females, and this result was statistically significant (p-value = 0.037, 95 % CI: 0.84–5.91). There was no significant association between the risk of malaria and the age groups classified as non-productive and productive (p-value = 0.535, OR = 0.42, 95 % CI: 0.12–1.53). Individuals working outdoors were not significantly more protected compared to those working indoors (p-value of 0.116, OR = 0.15, 95 % CI: 0.02–1.49). The origin of the sample was found to be the most significant factor (p-value <0.001), with individuals from Kalimantan having the highest risk for malaria caused by P. knowlesi (OR = 3.97, 95 % CI: 2.10–7.49). Conclusions: Two major Indonesian islands of Sumatra and Kalimantan, which reported malaria cases during the period studied, exhibit a potential risk for P. knowlesi infections that is influenced by factors beyond natural hosts and vectors, such as sex, age, and occupation. Routine PCR examinations for suspected P. knowlesi infections are crucial for developing effective strategies to identify and control this simian malaria parasite.http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2405673124000692IndonesiaInfectionMalariaOverviewPlasmodium knowlesi |
| spellingShingle | Nisa Fauziah Karomahul Malaya Jati Fedri Ruluwedrata Rinawan Naufal Fakhri Nugraha Bachti Alisjahbana Jontari Hutagalung Emerging malaria in Indonesia: An overview of Plasmodium knowlesi infections Parasite Epidemiology and Control Indonesia Infection Malaria Overview Plasmodium knowlesi |
| title | Emerging malaria in Indonesia: An overview of Plasmodium knowlesi infections |
| title_full | Emerging malaria in Indonesia: An overview of Plasmodium knowlesi infections |
| title_fullStr | Emerging malaria in Indonesia: An overview of Plasmodium knowlesi infections |
| title_full_unstemmed | Emerging malaria in Indonesia: An overview of Plasmodium knowlesi infections |
| title_short | Emerging malaria in Indonesia: An overview of Plasmodium knowlesi infections |
| title_sort | emerging malaria in indonesia an overview of plasmodium knowlesi infections |
| topic | Indonesia Infection Malaria Overview Plasmodium knowlesi |
| url | http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2405673124000692 |
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